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Pakistan studies 2059/01 > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what happened in 1905?

A

partition of Bengal

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2
Q

who was responsible for the partition?

A

Lord Curzon

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3
Q

Why was Bengal partitioned?

A

1) Population
2) Size
3) Arya-Samaj
4) Divide and rule
5) Muslim support

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4
Q

What was the Simla deputation and when did it occur?

A
  • 1906
  • Group of Muslims led by Sir Aga Khan
  • Went to viceroy Minto
    Clauses:
    1) Weightage of Muslim seats
    2) Separate electorate
    3) Protect Urdu and Muslim culture
    4) Dont reverse partition
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5
Q

When was the all India Muslim League formed?

A

1906

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6
Q

Why was the Muslim league formed?

A

1) Success of the Simla depu
2) Upcoming elections
3) Betrayal of congress –> rioting
4) Hindu extremism

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7
Q

What were the Morley-Minto reforms?

A

An attempt to make a constitution in India in 1909

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8
Q

What were the clauses of the Morley-Minto reforms?

A

1) Members of legislative council increased.
2) Members of Provincial council increased.
3) Discussion based only in council
4) Separate electorates for Muslims
5) Weightage for Muslims
6) center - official
provinces - non official

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9
Q

Why did the Congress reject the Morley-Minto reforms?

A

1) Separate electorates and weightage for Muslims made them feel that they’re separating India.
2) Power with British

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10
Q

When was the partition of Bengal reversed?

A

1911

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11
Q

Why was the partition of Bengal reversed?

A

1) Threat to King George 5
2) Swadeshi movement caused major losses to British
3) Rioting of Hindus “law and order”

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12
Q

Why did the British Muslims relation deteriorate following the reversal of the partition?

A

1) Reverse partition
2) Demolish masjid at Cawnpore
3) British sided with Balkan states against Ottoman empire

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13
Q

Who signed the Lucknow pact and when?

A
  • Congress and Muslim league
  • 1916
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14
Q

What was the Lucknow pact?

A

1) Separate electorates for Muslims
2) 1/3 seats for Muslims in Central assembly
3) No bill shall be passed if 75% of the effected community does not sign it.

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15
Q

Why was the Lucknow pact signed?

A

1) Jinnah persuading them to work together
2) “Self-rule” as common objective
3) Giving British they’re demands (we want India to be governed this way)

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16
Q

Why was the Lucknow pact important?

A

1) Better relations between congress and Muslim league
2) Hindi-Urdu controversy (Hindus accepted Muslims as a separate nation)
3) “Self-rule”

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17
Q

What were the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms?

A

1) Princes could give advice
2) Voting rights increased
3) Diarchy ( major powers to British)
4) British - veto power
5) Muslims - separate electorates

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18
Q

Why were the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms opposed?

A

1) Indians - no law making power
2) Council of princes purely advisory
3) Support in world war phir bhi no power given

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19
Q

What was the Rowlett act?

A

1) Arrest without bail
2) Detention with no bail
3) Ppl could be ordered to live in a certain place.
4) No large gatherings to be made

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20
Q

When was the Rowlett act passed?

A

1919

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21
Q

Why was the Rowlett act passed?

A

1) Fear of British for spread of communism
2) Aware of the increasing demands of self-rule
3) Afraid of what happened in Russia (butchered royal family)

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22
Q

What was the Amritsar massacre?

A
  • Peaceful gathering
  • Sikhs worshipping
  • Small meeting
  • General Dyer
  • Open fire
  • 400 killed/ injured
  • Jallian wala bagh
  • 20,000 present
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23
Q

Who was general Dyer?

A
  • British commander
  • Led troops to Jallian wala bagh
  • Opened fire on a peaceful gathering of 20,000 ppl
  • Dismissed from post due to cruel actions
  • Not tried bcz he was “protecting British rule”
  • Big fat jerk
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24
Q

What was the swadeshi movement?

A
  • Revolt by Hindus
  • Threw British manufactured cloth in bonfires
  • Boycotted British made goods
  • Strikes of local workers from British industries
25
Why did the Khilafat movement occur?
1) Protect Muslim views 2) Fear of British dethroning the Sultan of Turkey 3) Precaution of what happened with Germany and Austria
26
Why did the khilafat movement fail?
1) Hindus joined - Many Muslims left coz they felt that the movement was now serving a political purpose (allama Iqbal) 2) Prisonment of Ali brothers - No leader 3) Imprisonment of supporters - Lack of ppl 4) Hijrat movement - 18000 Muslims - To Afghan - Left possessions 5) Moplah's revolt - Muslim extremists - Casualties - Many Hindus left 6) Chaura Chauri incident - Police station - Fire - 22 Killed - Ghnadi bye bye - Support dhijum dhijum 7) Abolishment of Caliphate - Kamal Atta Turk - Khatam of caliphate system - No reason to continue
27
Who started the Khilafat movement?
Ali brothers: - Muhammad Ali Jauhar - Shaukat Ali Gohar
28
What did the Muslims receive due to the Khilafat movement?
1) Urge of self rule 2) How to organize a movement 3) Strengthened two nation theory
29
What did the Muslims loose due to the Khilafat movement?
!) Literacy rate dhijum 2) Sacrifices 3) Economy 💣
30
When did the Dheli proposals occur?
1927
31
Why did the Dheli proposals occur?
- New reforms - Nehru said no separate electorates - Jinnah proposed alternatives - Not accepted
32
What was included in the Dheli proposals?
1) Separation of Sindh and Bombay 2) Declare NWFP and balochistan as provinces 3) 1/3 seats for Muslims 4) Seats of Punjab and Bengal reversed according to population
33
What was the Simon commission?
- 7 member commission to prepare report for a reform - All British members
34
Why was the Simon commission opposed?
- Sent 2 years early - No Indian member - Lord Birkenhead disrespect for Indians
35
Why was the Nehru report made?
Indians did not accept the Simon report so they drafted their own report ( all parties, Jinnah no part)
36
What were the clauses of the Nehru report?
1) India to be declared dominion 2) Hindi made official language 3) No separate electorates for Muslims 4) No weightage for Muslims 5) No state religion
37
What was the reaction of Muslims to the Nehru report?
- Jinnah proposed 4 amendments to save the report
38
What were the 4 amendments made by Jinnah for the Nehru report?
1) 1/3 seats 2) Provincial autonomy 3) Punjab and Bengal seats 4) NWFP and Sindh made provinces
39
Why did Jinnah propose his 14 points?
1) Nehru refusal 2) Provincial autonomy 3) Protect Muslim rights
40
What was the salt march?
- Hindu rebellion - Against unfair salt laws - British rule pe opposition
41
What was the Allahabad address?
An announcement by Iqbal
42
When did the RTC's happen?
1930-1932
43
What happened in the first conference?
1) Princely states joined 🟢 2) Provincial autonomy 🟢 3) Congress not present 🔴
44
What was the Ghnadi Irwin pact?
An agreement between the Congress and the British. - Congress would stop their protests - Congress would attend the RTC - Gov would release prisoners and withdraw all charges
45
What were the outcomes of the second round table conference?
- Sindh and Bombay separated 🟢 - NWFP declared as a province 🟢 - Congress stubborn 🔴
46
What was the communal award?
Foundation set by British for reforms - Electorates - Weightage
47
What were the reactions of the congress and M.L to the communal award?
- Though the M.L saw that some of their seats were reduced to a minority, they were willing to co operate - The Congress was completely against it
48
What were the outcomes of the 3rd RTC?
No one was present 🤡
49
What was the gov. of India act?
-1935 - provincial autonomy - Sindh, Bombay and NWFP - Diarchy removed from provincial level - kept on federal level - No self rule - Prov. governors could dismiss ministers - Constitution to be changed only by British
50
What were the reactions of the congress and the M.L to the gov. of India act?
C: " a machine with strong brakes but no engine." M.L: " Thoroughly rotten, fundamentally bad and totally unacceptable."
51
What were the election results of 1937?
Congress won seats in all provinces except 3. M.L dint win
52
What were the reasons as to why the M.L didn't win the elections of 1937?
- Congress oldest and richest party - M.L had no experience -M.L had an image problem ( most members were influential ppl) - The M.L and the Muslims had no link b/w them
53
What lessons did the Muslims receive after their defeat in the elections of 1937?
- Realization of the "image problem" - Helped link with ppl - Improvement in organizing and planning - Experience
54
What were the terrors of the congress rule (1937-1939)?
- Bande Matram - Wardah scheme - Congress tyranny
55
What was the day of deliverance?
- British war with Germany - India "in war" - Congress object - Withdraw from gov. - Jinnah said "celebrate" - Free from Hindus oppression
56
When did the Lahore resolution occur?
1940
57
What was the Lahore resolution?
- Minto park - Separate nation pe baat - Maulvi-Faz-Lul-Haq - Hindu press referred it to as "Pakistan resolution"
58
Why was the Lahore resolution passed?
- Congress tyranny - Decolonization of the British -

Pakistan studies 2059/01 (2 decks)

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