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Health Physics Review Section 2 > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of Dosimetry reports ? 3 main reasons

A
  1. Provide the individual with their radation exposure
  2. Provide the institution with radiation exposure
  3. Provide a method to keep radiation under ALARA
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2
Q

Radiation Dosimetry Reports comes out ________ or __________ in our case it is _______.

A

Monthly/or every other month/bimonthly

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3
Q

There are 8 main things on the Dosimetry Report

A

1.Individual Identification(5 digit # used for all activity and multiply badges) name ID #/Birth/Sex
2.Use (location and abbreviations are listed in a location chart; all radiation are assigned a location where it is worn)
3.Dose Equivalent for exposure period ( monthly or bimonthly readings )
4.Annual Dose Equivalent ( The annual dose equivalent given and individual exposure for a particular year)
5.Dosimeter(The type of dosimeter needed based on the radiation being monitored)
6.Radiation Quality ( Refers to the type and energies of a radiation)
7.Quarterly Dose Equivalent( Is the sum of an individuals exposure for a particular quarter of the year.)
8.Lifetime Dose Equivalent: (Lifetime dose equivalent gives and in ideal reading for the lifetime)

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4
Q

Deep- external whole body exposure=

A

1 cm

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5
Q

Eye : external exposure in the lens of the eye at

A

0.3 cm

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6
Q

Shallow Dose: external exposure to skin or extremity (includes hands) at

A

0.007 cm

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7
Q

Dosimeter type “P” measures

A

X-ray, Beta, Gamma

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8
Q

Dosimeter “ U” measures

A

TLD ring badge for X-ray, beta, gamma

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9
Q

P equals what type of radation?

A

X-ray and gamma

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10
Q

PH refers to what radiation

A

X-ray or gamma greater than 100 keV

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11
Q

PL refers to what radiation

A

X-ray or gamma ray less than 100 keV

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12
Q

PB refers to what radiation

A

Photons and beta mixture

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13
Q

What is Control Dosimeter?

A

It is a dosimeter included with each shipment, this is subtracted out of an individuals reading.

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14
Q

Minimal Dose Equivalent

A

Individuals that receive an “M” for their exposure means that they were exposed to an amount below what the dosimeter can measure.

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15
Q

Whole body minimal dose equivalent

A

1mrem for X-rays and gamma rays

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16
Q

Ring badge minimal dose equivalent

A

30 mrem for X-rays and gamma rays

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17
Q

Annual limits for whole body

A

5 rems/yr

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18
Q

Lens of the eye (annual)

A

15 rem/yr

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19
Q

Extremities and skin (annual)

A

50 rems/yr

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20
Q

Fetal

A

0.5 rem/gestation period

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21
Q

General Public

A

0.1 rems/yr

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22
Q

If an individual exceeds their limit of radation the _______ must investigate

A

Radiation Safety Officer

23
Q

Two levels of investigation

A
  1. RSO will evaluate the cause,determine why overexposure occurred
  2. Investigational Level 2
    -Evaluate the cause
    -Notify employee in writing
    -Provide and explanation of why the overexposure occurred
    -Take corrective action to prevent this from happening in the future
24
Q

———— are required to post certain information/signs in order to have radiation

A

Hospitals

25
Q

Radiation Symbol is ______

A

Three bladed( Tri-foil symbol)

26
Q

Colors of the radiation symbol

A

Magenta/Purple/or black on a yellow background

27
Q

Radiation symbols has a center cross-match circle that …

A

matches the blades

28
Q

Each blade of the radiation symbol should be …

A

60 degree angle

29
Q

Type 1 of radiation area

A

Radiation areas

30
Q
  1. Type of radation area
A

High Radiation area

31
Q
  1. Type of radiation area
A

Very high radation

32
Q
  1. Type of radiation area
A

Airborne Radioactivity area

33
Q

5.Type of radiation area

A

Areas or rooms where licensed material is used or stored

34
Q

Radation areas sign should read “caution radiation area” the limits required:

A

An area where an individual could receive a dose of 5 mrems in 1 hr at 30 cm

35
Q

Radiation area that read “high radiation area posting:

A

An area where an individual could receive a dose equivalent of 100 mrem in 1 hr at 30cm should read CAUTION, HIGH RADIATION AREA OR DANGER HIGH RADIATION AREA

36
Q

Radiation area with VERY HIGH RADIATION posting:

A

An area in where an individual could receive a dose equivalent to 500 rads in 1hr at 1 meter signs should read “GRAVE DANGER, VERY HIGH RADIATION AREA”

37
Q

Airborne Radioactivy Area should read ‘’ CAUTION AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA OR

A

DANGER,AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA

38
Q

Radioactive materials should be posted in areas/room that store or use amounts of licensed materials that exceed 10 times the quantity of such materials listed in appendix C to part 20

A

Appendix C has a list of radionuclides Tc99 is list with amount of 1 mCi so anything above that amount need a ‘’CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS SIGN’’

39
Q

Control radation areas have controlled access into their areas two main areas are

A
  1. High radiation
  2. Very High radiation
40
Q

Each licensee shall ensure they have entrance or access point to a high radiation area with one or more of the following features:

A

1.A controlled device that causes level of radiation to be reduced below level at which and individual might receive a deep dose equivalent at 0.1 rem in 1 hr at 30 cm

2.A control device that energizes a visible or audible alarm signal

3.Entryways that are locked,except during periods when access to the area is required,with positive control over each individual entry

41
Q

Additional measures to High Radiation areas

A

So an individual is not able to gain unauthorized access to areas in which the. Radiation levels could be encountered at 500 rads or more in 1 hr at 1 meter (extra security and electronic surveillance)

42
Q

Exceptions to Posting Requirements in radioactive materials for periods of less than 8 hr if each condition are met:

A

1.Materials are constantly attended during these periods by an individual with radiation training
2.The area/room is subject to licensee control
3.Radiation level at 30 cm from the surface of the source does not exceed 0.005 rem/hr
4.If a patient given a radio pharmaceuticals meets the release requirements
- If the total effective dose equivalent to any individual from exposure to released individual is not likely to exceed 0.5 rem

43
Q

Restricted area

A

An area of limited access that the licensee established for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation

44
Q

Unrestricted

A

An area that is neither limited nor controlled by the license

45
Q

Radiation containers that enter a hospital must have “caution radioactive materials” and the labels should have 5 things on it :

A

1.Radionuclide presents
2.Estimate of the quantity of the radioactivity
3.The date of the activity
4.Radiation levels
5.Kind of materials
* Licensee shall prior to removal of empty uncontaminated containers to unrestricted areas, removal/deface the radioactive material label

46
Q

Contamination level is set by who?

A

Radiation Safety Officer

47
Q

The level that is set by the radiation officer is called the

A

Dose rate trigger level anything above the trigger is contamination

48
Q

Areas surveyed should be performed by an:

A

Geiger counter should read as low as 0.1 mrem/hr

49
Q

Survey area will be performed at :

A
  1. The end of each day for all areas where radio pharmaceuticals are routinely prepared,administrated or used.
    2.Once a week for all areas where radio pharmaceuticals or waste is stored
50
Q

What do you do if you exceed your trigger level?

A

-Immediately notify the RSO they will initiate decontamination procedures

51
Q

A record of the surveys must be kept:

A
  1. Survey must be kept for 3 years
  2. Calibration of the survey meter must be kept for 3 years
52
Q

For survey records what is required:

A
  1. Date of the survey
  2. Trigger level established for each area
  3. The dose rate at each point in mR/hr
  4. The instrument used to make the survey
53
Q

Wipe test are performed to survey removable contamination: 6 steps

A
  1. Wipe test should be performed 1 a week in all areas where radio pharmaceuticals are routinely prepared, administered or stored( wipe should be 100 cm^2)
    2.A well counter is used to measure the removable contamination( should be read at 2000 distegrations per min )
    3.Trigger level should be established for contamination
  2. If the trigger levels exceeded, immediately contact the RSO
    5.Records should be kept for 3 years
  3. Should contain all information for a survey plus the removable contamination in each area expressed in dpm for 100 cm^2
54
Q

Calibrations of instruments used for surveys must be:

A
  1. Before first used, annually and following repair( records kept 3 years)
  2. Survey meter is calibrated with reading up to 1000 mR/hr
  3. Two separate reading should be calculated on each scale that must be calibrated at 0.01,0.1,1,10,100
    4.Each time a meter is calibrated you should note on the meter ( exposure rate from a dedicated check source, time and date of calibration)
  4. You should perform a constancy check with your meter each day of use
    -results should not differ by 20% from the calibration check
    -These records are not kept

Health Physics Review Section 2 (1 decks)

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