Section 2

Question 1

A teacher is administering a standardized test to their students. The test is graded by a third party and the results are not available to the teacher until several weeks after the test has been completed. When the teacher receives the results, they notice that many of their students scored poorly compared to other schools in the district. The teacher decides to only share the overall average score with the students and their parents, and does not mention the low scores of individual students. Is it ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores with the students and their parents?
(1 Point)

Yes, it is ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores because they are trying to protect the feelings of their students.

No, it is not ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores because they are not providing the students with the full picture of their performance.

Yes, it is ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores because they are trying to avoid causing unnecessary stress or anxiety for the students.

No, it is not ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores because they are not fulfilling their duty to accurately inform the students and parents of their performance.

Answer 1

No, it is not ethical for the teacher to only share a summary interpretation of the test scores because they are not fulfilling their duty to accurately inform the students and parents of their performance.

Question 2

What is the correct action for a teacher to take if a student is consistently submitting incorrect assignments for a business course that involves calculating an organization’s break-even analysis?
(1 Point)

Contact student support services to schedule a meeting with the student to review the material

Ignore the issue and let the student fail the course B) Contact the student’s parents to inform them of the issue

Give the student extra credit opportunities to make up for the incorrect assignments

Contact the student’s parents to inform them of the issue

Answer 2

Contact student support services to schedule a meeting with the student to review the material

Question 3

Which of the following is the ethical obligation that the site-based decision-making team for an urban school should consider in the allocation of funds for a campus improvement plan that targets academic areas in need of improvement based on academic performance data?
(1 Point)

Ensuring that the funds are distributed equally among all academic departments

Ensuring that the allocation of funds addresses the school’s achievement gaps.

Maximizing the number of students who will benefit from the funds

Providing the greatest benefit to the students with the least financial need

Answer 3

Ensuring that the allocation of funds addresses the school’s achievement gaps.

Question 4

Which of the following is the ethical consideration that should lead the principal to deny the request of the parents of an elementary school student to review the discipline records of two students in their child’s class to determine if they have histories of bullying behavior?
(1 Point)

Protecting the privacy of the student who is being bullied

Protecting the privacy of the principal

Protecting the privacy of the parents making the request

Protecting the privacy of the two students in question

Answer 4

Protecting the privacy of the two students in question

Question 5

A professor is teaching a course on public speaking. There are two components to the final assessment: a written exam and a public speaking presentation. The professor notices that a student has scored poorly on the written exam, but excelled during their public speaking presentation. To boost the student’s overall grade, the professor decides to only report the score from the public speaking presentation to the academic dean. Was this professor’s decision to limit the reported results ethical?
(1 Point)

Yes, it is ethical for the professor to only report the score from the public speaking presentation because the student performed well in that area.

Yes, it is ethical for the professor to only report the score from the public speaking presentation because it will help the student’s overall grade.

No, it is not ethical for the professor to only report the score from the public speaking presentation because the professor is misrepresenting the overall performance of their class.

No, it is not ethical for the professor to only report the score from the public speaking presentation because it will negatively impact the students’ grades.

Answer 5

No, it is not ethical for the professor to only report the score from the public speaking presentation because the professor is misrepresenting the overall performance of their class.

Question 6

Did the principal fulfill the ethical obligation to act on the knowledge about students gained through the initial “Home Language Survey” by administering an English language proficiency (ELP) assessment to determine whether 11% of students who speak a language other than English in their homes are eligible for language support services in school?
(1 Point)

No, the principal did not fulfill their ethical obligation because they did not consider the potential impact of the ELP assessment on the students’ overall academic performance.

No, the principal did not fulfill their ethical obligation because they did not consult with the students or their families before administering the ELP assessment.

Yes, the principal fulfilled their ethical obligation by using the survey data to identify the language needs of students and provide them with appropriate support.

No, the principal did not fulfill their ethical obligation because they did not consider the potential impact of the ELP assessment on the students’ self-esteem.

Answer 6

Yes, the principal fulfilled their ethical obligation by using the survey data to identify the language needs of students and provide them with appropriate support.

Question 7

Which of the following methods could the instructor use to determine whether students are participating in group work through diagnostic learning analytics?
(1 Point)

Checking whether students are accessing the course materials frequently

Monitoring the length of time that students spend on the course website

Tracking the number of forum posts that each student makes

Observing the students’ body language during in-person class sessions

Answer 7

Tracking the number of forum posts that each student makes

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of how a teacher could use prescriptive learning analytics to create a modified version of a history lesson that will have a greater impact on the same group of students?
(1 Point)

By reviewing the students’ past performance on similar science lessons and adjusting the lesson accordingly

By analyzing the students’ responses to the online module and identifying the specific questions they struggled with

By administering a pre-test to the students to determine their prior knowledge on the topic

By consulting with other teachers to get their input on the lesson plan

Answer 8

By analyzing the students’ responses to the online module and identifying the specific questions they struggled with

Question 9

Which of the following best describes how learning analytics data can be interpreted to adjust an online course in which some students are successfully completing assignments and exams without reading the course materials in the modules?
(1 Point)

A writing assignment in which students explain the themes and symbols in the novel and their significance

The course materials are not being presented in a way that is engaging for all students, and changes should be made to the delivery method.

The students who are not reading the course materials are able to successfully complete the assignments and exams through other means, which indicates that the course materials should be better aligned with the assignments and assessment activities.

The students who are not reading the course materials are able to successfully complete the assignments and exams due to their innate intelligence or other personal characteristics, and there is nothing that can be done to improve their performance.

Answer 9

The students who are not reading the course materials are able to successfully complete the assignments and exams through other means, which indicates that the course materials should be better aligned with the assignments and assessment activities.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best way for the instructor to use learning analytics to determine the impact of the tutoring sessions on the students’ comprehension of course readings in an introduction to health class?
(1 Point)

Examining the grades of students who attended the tutoring sessions.

Asking students for their subjective opinions about whether the tutoring sessions helped them understand the readings.

Assessing the students’ overall performance on assignments and exams before and after the tutoring sessions.

Monitoring the students’ engagement with the course materials, such as the amount of time they spend reading and the number of annotations they make.

Answer 10

Assessing the students’ overall performance on assignments and exams before and after the tutoring sessions.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best way for the teacher to use learning analytics to determine the efficacy of online learning games in a first-year Spanish class?
(1 Point)

Examining the grades of students who used the learning games compared to those who did not.

Asking students for their subjective opinions about whether the learning games helped them learn vocabulary.

Assessing the students’ overall performance on vocabulary quizzes after using the learning games.

Monitoring the students’ engagement with the learning games, such as the number of times they played and the amount of time they spent playing.

Answer 11

Examining the grades of students who used the learning games compared to those who did not.

Question 12

An e-commerce company has noticed that many customers are abandoning their shopping carts before completing a purchase. The company wants to anticipate the likelihood of a customer completing a purchase and offer targeted interventions to encourage the customer to complete the purchase. Which type of analytics should the company use to suggest various actions to customers to help them complete their purchases?
(1 Point)

Descriptive analytics

Predictive analytics

Prescriptive analytics

Diagnostic analytics

Answer 12

Prescriptive analytics

Question 13

A corporate training department has created a series of online courses on customer service for its employees. To determine the effectiveness of the courses, the department has asked employees to take a survey after completing each course. The survey includes questions about how well the employee feels they understood the material and how confident they are in applying the concepts they learned. The results of the survey are entered into a learning management system (LMS) for review by the training department. Which type of learning analytics does this process represent?
(1 Point)

Descriptive analytics

Predictive analytics

Prescriptive analytics

Diagnostic analytics

Answer 13

Descriptive analytics

Question 14

A university has implemented a new online course on financial literacy for its students. To determine how well students are understanding the material, the course includes a series of quizzes throughout the semester. The scores from these quizzes are entered into a learning management system (LMS) for review by the course instructor. Based on the quiz scores, the instructor is able to identify which topics the class as a whole is struggling with and adjusts their teaching approach accordingly. Which type of learning analytics does this process represent?
(1 Point)

Descriptive analytics

Predictive analytics

Prescriptive analytics

Diagnostic analytics

Answer 14

Prescriptive analytics

Question 15

A college has noticed that many of its students are struggling to pass a required first-year writing course. The college sets a goal to increase the pass rate for the course by 20% between the fall and spring semesters. Which type of learning analytics should the college consider when trying to determine why some students are struggling in the writing course?
(1 Point)

Descriptive analytics

Predictive analytics

Prescriptive analytics

Diagnostic analytics

Answer 15

Diagnostic analytics

Question 16

A high school has noticed that a significant number of students are failing a required science course. The school sets a goal to increase the pass rate for the course by 25% by the end of the academic year. Which type of learning analytics should the school use when reviewing performance levels throughout the year?
(1 Point)

Descriptive analytics

Predictive analytics

Prescriptive analytics

Diagnostic analytics

Answer 16

Descriptive analytics

Question 17

During the first week of a 12-week psychology course, students complete an online survey to assess their prior knowledge of the material. In the 2nd week, the instructor notices that several students consistently score lower on the practice quizzes compared to their peers. The instructor wants to provide additional support to these students. Which data measure should the instructor review to determine how to help these students?
(1 Point)

Attendance records

Practice quiz scores

Survey responses

Discussion forum participation

Answer 17

Practice quiz scores

Question 18

Which of the following is the most effective way for an instructor to use data measures to help struggling students in a math course?
(1 Point)

Give the students a quiz at the beginning of each week to assess their understanding of the material

Monitor the students’ progress on the weekly assignments and provide feedback on their work

Have the students complete a self-assessment at the end of each week to evaluate their own understanding of the material

Administer a pre-test at the beginning of the course and a post-test at the end to measure the students’ learning growth

Answer 18

Monitor the students’ progress on the weekly assignments and provide feedback on their work

Question 19

Which type of learning analytics should a learning experience designer begin with as a first step toward optimizing learning in K–12, higher education, and workforce development?
Predictive
Descriptive
Prescriptive
Diagnostic

Answer 19

Descriptive analytics is the easiest learning analytics type to implement. It describes existing patterns of learning and shows where improvements can be made, which is the first step in optimizing learning.

Question 20

How can learning analytics be used to encourage student success?
By advancing students’ critical thinking skills
By predicting student grades on the next test
By standardizing teaching practices
By developing student awareness to support self-reflection

Answer 20

By developing student awareness to support self-reflection

Sharing learning analytics dashboards with students provides a basis for self-reflection.

Question 21

Which type of learning analytics should a learning experience designer begin with as a first step toward optimizing learning in K–12, higher education, and workforce development?
Predictive
Descriptive
Prescriptive
Diagnostic

Answer 21

Descriptive analytics is the easiest learning analytics type to implement. It describes existing patterns of learning and shows where improvements can be made, which is the first step in optimizing learning.

Question 22

The teacher has gathered the learning data of a fifth-grade world history class throughout an entire school year. The school seeks a 10 percent improvement in student learning and wants to use the data from this year as a benchmark for comparison to students who take history next year. The school principal has asked the teacher to use the data to establish learning growth benchmarks based on the current year’s data.
To establish the desired benchmark, _____________ analytics should be used.

Descriptive
Diagnostic
Predictive
Prescriptive

Answer 22

Descriptive analytics allows for collecting and analyzing previous data, which could be used to establish benchmarks.

Question 23

Which scenario is an example of how prescriptive analytics can be used in a K–12 setting?
Students struggled to pass the AP Psychology test last year, and the teacher wants to know if students will struggle this year as well.
The attendance rate for this year has been down, and the school wants to know why.
The superintendent wants to know how this year’s SAT scores compare to the past three years.
For the past five years, the number of students reading at grade level has declined. The school would like to know what actions should be taken to break the five-year decline in the number of students reading at grade level.

Answer 23

Prescriptive analytics helps determine actions the school can take to increase the number of students reading at grade level.

Question 24

A university learning experience designer wants to encourage students to take ownership of learning. What are two ways the designer can use learning analytics to achieve this goal? Choose 2 answers.
Send instructors data about how long students interact with resources in the university’s learning management system (LMS).
Allow students to compare grades by posting students’ names and grades in a central location visible to all students.
Let students see how often and long classmates are accessing each learning resource in the course.
Track student withdrawal rates from courses.
Provide students access to a program that tracks personal course progress.

Answer 24

That’s right. Let students see how often and long classmates are accessing each learning resource in the course.
Giving students insight into classmates’ study habits might help students acknowledge that more time with the material might be needed.
That’s right. Provide students access to a program that tracks personal course progress.
Allowing students to see course progress lets students know the work is on schedule and what still needs to be completed.

Question 25

A student on an academic scholarship that only covers a certain number of credit hours has signed up for a course not required for a degree. Scholarship students taking unnecessary courses is a repeated issue for the university, as it impacts students’ ability to graduate on time and costs extra money. The university wants to eliminate the problem of students signing up for unneeded courses and provide the correct courses for students based upon their major, the courses they have already taken, and the number of credits they need to graduate.
The university can implement _________ analytics to correct this issue, so students can focus more time and effort on courses needed for graduation.

Descriptive
Diagnostic
Predictive
Prescriptive

Answer 25

Predictive analytics can help. For example, a learning analytics tracking system that assists students in selecting the necessary courses would remedy the problem.

Question 26

What are three essential metrics for gauging the effectiveness of training evaluation in a workforce development setting? Choose 3 answers.

Metrics that support employee development of lifelong learning skills and strategies

Metrics that measure participants’ reactions

Metrics that develop learner awareness by supporting self-reflection

Metrics that measure how much employees are learning

Metrics that measure changes in behavior

Answer 26

Metrics that measure participants’ reactions
Metrics that measure participants’ reactions are essential because measuring positive and negative reactions to learning allows for better quality in the training itself.

Metrics that measure how much employees are learning
Metrics that measure how much employees are learning are essential because these tell the learning experience designer if the lesson resonates with the employee.

Metrics that measure changes in behavior
Metrics that measure changes in behavior are an essential metric because participant responses to the lesson can also clarify if the lesson is resonating. These metrics also shed light on workplace behaviors.

Question 27

A supervisor wants to know if the new training program designed to increase production is successful or needs to be revised. How should the supervisor apply learning analytics to measure the effectiveness of the training?

Survey management about changes in employees’ behaviors.

Compare new employees’ production to that of veteran employees.

Track employees’ performance during training.

Poll employees about the effectiveness of the training.

Answer 27

Tracking the employees’ performance during the training can highlight areas where the training and employees were successful and where employees struggled, indicating areas for improvement.

Question 28

How can predictive analytics be used to improve the effectiveness of training in a workforce development setting?

Setting company-wide employee standards

Tracking data through training so that learning programs are aligned with employee performance

Lowering employee turnover

Supporting employee development of lifelong learning skills and strategies

Answer 28

Tracking data to align the learning program with employee performance is how predictive analytics can improve effectiveness in training.

For example, if the training shows an improvement in employee knowledge, the company can reframe how it trains each employee.

Question 29

Students are consistently dropping an introduction to psychology course after the third unit. The university wants to discover why this keeps happening. Which type of analytics should the university use?

Predictive
Descriptive
Prescriptive
Diagnostic

Answer 29

The why is answered during diagnostic analytics. This would help the university get to the root of the problem.

Question 30

The supervisor of an accounting team wants to collect data on junior accountants’ errors to reduce errors and increase quality. Why should this data be collected?
To fire the employee who is making the most errors
To punish employees who make many errors
To single employees out during training who are making mistakes and use them as examples
To identify employees who need additional training

Answer 30

Retraining struggling employees can help reduce the number of errors made and, in turn, increase quality.

Question 31

How can professors use diagnostic learning analytics in the classroom to understand why learners struggle with the learning resources in a particular unit?
Professors can compare the time students spend on learning resources to individual test results to see if a lack of reading is causing low scores.
Professors can track students’ progress on pretests and formative assessments to predict who will pass the unit test.
Professors can conduct a survey about students’ reactions to a new textbook to decide if the professor should continue using current learning resources.
Professors can gather students’ test data to present findings to administrators.

Answer 31

Evaluating information to discover why something is happening (which students are not scoring well) is an example of diagnostic analytics. This information can improve performance, as it identifies the problem.

Question 32

Which action is an example of using the qualitative analysis technique to extract insights about learners?
Examining the study habits in student-led study groups to look for patterns.
Examining the length of time students journal each day.
Examining students’ test scores from a chapter test against the midterm scores.
Examining the transcript of a discussion about students’ feelings on remote learning.

Answer 32

Qualitative analysis evaluates feelings and opinions, such as those shared in interviews and discussions. These feelings can be used to gather insights.

Question 33

A program director gathered data on how frequently instructors engaged with students on discussion boards. Which learning analytics technique should be used to analyze this data?
Qualitative analysis
Social Network Analysis
Quantitative analysis

Answer 33

Quantitative analysis is based on numbers and statistics, such as the number of discussion board posts. The program director might compare how frequently instructors engaged with students on discussion boards across different course sections to understand whether this indicates better student outcomes.

Question 34

Report the number of students who passed the Chapter 2 test compared to the Chapter 1 test

Document last year’s graduation rate

Share a month-by-month breakdown of this past year’s sales

Answer 34

Descriptive

Question 35

Used to inform; based on data from gathered information

Answer 35

Descriptive

Question 36

Analyzes past information to find out why something happened

Answer 36

Diagnostic

Question 37

Discover why more students passed the Chapter 1 test than the Chapter 2 test

Identify the cause for this year’s decreasing number of graduating students this year

Determine why sales are down this month

Answer 37

Diagnostic

Question 38

Use data from the past to predict what might happen in the future

Answer 38

Predictive

Question 39

Predict the number of students who will pass the Chapter 3 test

Forecast the number of students who will graduate next year

Project next month’s sales

Answer 39

Predictive

Question 40

Offers recommendations based on possible outcomes and helps identify the best options

Answer 40

Prescriptive

Question 41

Plan how to achieve an 80% passing rate on chapter tests

Determine how to increase the number of graduating students for next year

Propose a solution to increase sales

Answer 41

Prescriptive

Question 42

Bryan leads an HVAC company and wants to select a learning analytics type that will maximize the company’s goals. What are two actions that Bryan must incorporate from the company’s training practices to ensure the correct learning analytics type is chosen?
Pick a strategy and invest in resources and instruments.
Create a program that analyzes data solicited from trainees who completed the training program.
Employ more staff to establish effective learning development.
Manage the enforcement of learning data findings.
Establish timeline limits so that the anticipated financial quotas are met.

Answer 42

That’s right. Pick a strategy and invest in resources and instruments.
Many businesses do not know where to start when implementing learning development. Supporting a company’s goals starts with a strategy and an investment in the necessary resources and instruments.
That’s right. Create a program that analyzes data solicited from trainees who completed the training program.
It is important that companies not only help trainees pass, but also extract information from trainees on how the program can be better.

Question 43

A principal wants teachers to compare this year’s midterm grades to last year’s midterm grades. Which type of learning analytics should be used?
Prescriptive
Diagnostic
Predictive
Descriptive

Answer 43

The purpose of descriptive learning analytics is to present information based on data that has been collected. The principal’s intention is to present midterm data that has been collected.

Question 44

When using learning analytics to assess student learning in online courses, which learning analytics technique is often used with descriptive analytics to conduct item analysis of multiple-choice formative assessments?
Social network analysis
Qualitative analysis
Quantitative analysis

Answer 44

Quantitative analysis

This is the technique defined as often used in descriptive analytics to determine what happened and works well with item analysis of comprehensive, multiple choice question assessments.

Question 45

Which type of learning analytics would help an instructor determine why student dropout rates are rising?
Diagnostic
Predictive
Descriptive
Prescriptive

Answer 45

Diagnostic
This is the type of analytic that would help an instructor answer why student dropout rates are rising. With this data, the instructor can modify instructional strategies or learning content based on the findings.

Question 46

Which goals align with prescriptive analytics?
Choose 3 answers.
Project next month’s sales.
Plan how to achieve an 80% passing rate on chapter tests.
Determine how to increase the number of students who will graduate next year.
Find out the cause of the decrease in the number of students graduating this year.
Propose a solution to increase sales.

Answer 46

Plan how to achieve an 80% passing rate on chapter tests.
Determine how to increase the number of students who will graduate next year.
Propose a solution to increase sales.

That’s right. Plan how to achieve an 80% passing rate on chapter tests.
Planning how to achieve an 80% passing rate on chapter tests is an example of prescriptive analytics because data is being used to decide what actions should be taken.
That’s right. Determine how to increase the number of students who will graduate next year.
Determining how to increase the number of graduates next year is an example of a goal that could be achieved by using prescriptive analytics because prescriptive analytics focuses on changes that should be made.
That’s right. Propose a solution to increase sales.
Prescriptive analytics can be used to develop a solution to increase sales.

Question 47

A company has concerns about employee turnover. The learning and development team decides to analyze employee morale information from the past to find out why employees are leaving the company at such a rapid rate.
Which type of learning analytics should the learning and development team use?

Informative
Diagnostic
Descriptive
Predictive

Answer 47

Analyzing why is diagnostic.

Question 48

A learning experience designer meets with a school principal who seeks data for improvement. The principal wants to know if a proposed new e-reading curriculum for the fourth grade will improve reading comprehension measures.

Which activity will produce the necessary data?
Gather test data from a different school district in the state that fully adopted the proposed new e-reading curricula.
Arrange for each fourth-grade classroom to complete one lesson from the proposed curriculum and compare the scores to student scores on the same lesson from the current curriculum.
Review reading scores based on the three most recent e-reading curricula used in the district to see what the data reveals about reading comprehension trends over time.
Obtain data that ranks teachers based on the percentage of students who pass reading comprehension tests.
correct

Answer 48

Comparing scores based on the proposed curriculum to scores derived from the current curriculum is a good type of improvement data. The decision to test just one lesson in each class allows the principal to make an evidence-based decision

Question 49

An instructor wants to gather data about a class to better understand how to increase student engagement. Which type of data measurement should help the instructor reach this goal?
Data for improvement
Data for accountability
Data for research

Answer 49

The aim of data for improvement is to improve the effectiveness of instruction, which in turn could increase student engagement.

Question 50

Which statement is an example of a performance measure?
The number of correct answers students had on the unit test
The number of hours students spent in the learning management system
The number of days students were absent
The number of discussion posts students made
correct

Answer 50

Correct:
Performance measures collect information about how well students perform on a specific test or assignment.

Question 51

Which two questions can be answered by using indirect assessment methods? Choose 2 answers.
What is the average number of students who pass the final exam each semester?
Which unit do students think is the most challenging?
Which students can format citations according to APA style?
What is the biggest challenge for first generation college students at this university?
How many students missed more than 10 days this semester?

Answer 51

That’s right. Which unit do students think is the most challenging?
Indirect data reflect opinions, which the students could voice in a poll or interview.

That’s right. What is the biggest challenge for first generation college students at this university?
Indirect data reveal people’s perceptions, which would be an appropriate method to figure out what first generation college students feel is the biggest challenge.

Question 52

An instructor wants to determine whether to continue using a new textbook in a course or return to last year’s textbook. What kind of assessment data should the instructor use to inform this decision?
Length of readings compared to last year
Attendance records
Student survey
Test performance compared to last year

Answer 52

If students performed better with the new textbook than in the past with the old textbook, then this is a sign that the new textbook is a good fit for the content.

Question 53

A teacher notices that a former straight-A student has started to fail tests. The teacher wants to personalize the lesson to help the student succeed. What assessment data should the teacher use?

Give a summative assessment to the student, such as an essay or special project.
Review and compare cumulative test scores.
Look at the student’s previous standardized test scores.
Observe the student in class.

Answer 53

Through a comparison of a student’s cumulative data on past tests, the teacher might be able to see a change in grades at a specific point during the student’s learning to know where personalized help is needed.

Question 54

Barton is a first-grade student who has repeated struggles in mathematics. Barton seems to have a good understanding of basic mathematics facts, but has difficulty with subtracting multidigit numbers. Which type of data can be collected to identify how to help Barton?
Patterns of incorrect answers
Interview Barton
Number of hints received
Time spent on each question

Answer 54

Identifying where Barton repeatedly makes mistakes can help determine what exercises can help improve performance.

Question 55

A learning experience designer has changed the learning resource for this semester’s Chapter 2 test, but the test remains the same. The learning experience designer wants to know if students scored better on this semester’s test than previous semesters to determine if the new learning resource should be kept. What data strategy is being implemented?
Data for improvement
Data for accountability
Data for research

Answer 55

Sequential testing is the strategy used for improvement data.

Question 56

An eighth-grade teacher notices that students are struggling to submit the homework. The teacher wants to use direct data collection methods to determine whether students are still retaining the content even though assignments are not being turned in. What could the teacher do to get the necessary data?
Ask the students about any concerns regarding the unit test.
Assign students to journal about why homework was not submitted.
Compare students’ grades on previous tests with past homework submission trends.
Give the students a pop quiz that covers the objectives of the test.

Answer 56

Give the students a pop quiz that covers the objectives of the test.

Data collected through tests is a form of direct data.

Question 57

A learning experience designer wants to collect data to develop a plan for hiring better-qualified candidates. What are three types of data that could be collected from current employees to help develop the plan?
Choose 3 answers.
Portfolio
Questionnaire
Face-to-face interview
Exam
Trained observers watching the abilities of new hires during the first few days of employment

Answer 57

That’s right. Questionnaire
A questionnaire would be an effective indirect collection method because it gives the employer the ability to select the type of questions that will help them develop the plan.
That’s right. Face-to-face interview
A face-to-face interview would be an effective indirect collection method because the employer can choose questions that will solicit the relevant data from the employee.
That’s right! Trained observers watching the abilities of new hires during the first few days of employment
A trained observer watching new hires would be an effective indirect collection method because the employees cannot alter the data.

Question 58

A learning experience designer at a local community college is asked to design a course that will generate learning analytics to measure whether a new collaborative learning activity contributes to student success in a summative performance assignment.
The course is offered in partnership with a local business as an employee training course. Employees eligible for the course vary in age, the number of years at the company, whether English is their first language, prior educational achievement, and cultural backgrounds. Stakeholders include the employees taking the course, the employer funding the course, the course faculty, and the associate dean.
Data collected includes personal demographic information on each student, data on employment, grades on collaborative assignment tasks, which combinations of employees made up individual teams, and grade data on the performance assessments for each learner.
Which solution would allow the data to be collected in an ethical way while also providing the stakeholders with the necessary data to make curricular decisions?
Titles and wage range information are included as a data filter on the dashboard that is shared with the stakeholders.
Raw data is shared with stakeholders so that each can conduct an analysis.
Demographic data on prior educational achievement is removed before the data is shared with stakeholders.
Anonymized data relevant to determining patterns of success is shared with the stakeholders.

Answer 58

Anonymized data relevant to determining patterns of success is shared with the stakeholders.

Making the data anonymized and selecting only relevant and valid data provides the stakeholders with the necessary evidence to make informed curricular decisions. For example, data may show that success increases when teams are composed of newer employees partnered with more experienced employees. That kind of strategic insight from carefully curated data provides a benefit to all stakeholders, including the employees.

Question 59

A learning experience designer wants to collect data about how often learners sign into the learning management system. The data will be collected through the learning management system’s analytics. What is one way for the designer to ensure that learners’ privacy is respected when collecting this data?
Tell learners about the data collection but do not ask for consent.
Have learners review and sign a consent form prior to data collection.
Have learners sign a consent form to participate, but do not share how the data will be used.
Inform learners about the collection after the data is collected.

Answer 59

Have learners review and sign a consent form prior to data collection.

In order to ethically collect data, learners must be aware of what is being collected, how it will be used, and give permission for the collection.

Question 60

Which statement is an example of an unethical practice that might occur when analyzing data about student pass/fail rates?
All researchers have access to personal information collected, even though it is not needed to reach conclusions.
Students are not informed how to apply the results of a study in order to improve.
The data excludes students who consistently underperform.
Data is collected from students without consent.

Answer 60

When analyzing data, only the relevant information should be available to researchers. Nonrelevant, personal information collected should not be available to everyone.

Question 61

A learning experience designer working in a university setting has collected new data for a study on camera usage in synchronous online courses and is at the point of analysis and interpretation of the data. What ethical practice must the learning experience designer adhere to during the analysis and interpretation phase?
Cultural values
Transparency
Institutional responsibility and obligation to act
Data ownership and control

Answer 61

Due to the nature of the research, topics such as access to technology, students’ beliefs about sharing personal images, and overall equity should be considered when analyzing the data.

Question 62

Which situation is an example of ethically interpreting data?
An elementary school teacher is interpreting class test results with a parent, including sensitive information, such as the names or ages of students, during a parent-teacher conference.
A CEO of a Fortune 500 company is reviewing the sales data of the past three months to determine which salesperson will win the quarterly sales contest.
An engineering graduate research assistant is interpreting test results with the department head of another department, without the study participants’ consent.
A consultant working as a corporate learning experience designer is asked by the company to make sure the survey results show a positive increase due to using the company’s products.

Answer 62

The CEO is reviewing the data and not just picking favorites to determine the winner of the contest.

Question 63

A university has been awarded a grant after a groundbreaking course in bioscience. The money from the grant will go to similar course development. Soon after the grant is awarded, the learning experience designer finds that certain information was not surveyed correctly, thus skewing the results.
Ethically, what should the learning experience designer do?
The designer should throw away the information that was not surveyed correctly.
The designer should continue to use the grant money to develop the courses.
The designer should discuss the skewed survey with a coworker but not tell the supervisor.
The designer should notify a superior at the university.

Answer 63

Notifying a superior about the discovery of the skewed results is the ethical choice. The superior can then go through the proper channels to resolve the issue.

Question 64

A learning experience designer is analyzing data from a study about the effectiveness of server training in a 24-hour restaurant that focuses on upselling desserts. Servers attended training and consented to have their sales data analyzed. The data being analyzed will include the average number of dessert items sold per customer. The study is not taking the time of the order into consideration. Which ethical issue is present in the study?
Data ownership and control
Transparency
Consent
Validity and reliability of data

Answer 64

Because the data analysis is not considering the time of day, servers who work during times when dessert is not normally consumed, like breakfast, may receive poor ratings based on data results.

Question 65

When creating a new course for a healthcare system, a learning experience designer realizes that data results did not include all the necessary information, including race and gender, to make a fair interpretation. Collecting the missing data would delay a new course that needs to be completed by the end of the business day.
What is the ethical issue that the learning experience designer is faced with?
Consent
Transparency
Validity and reliability of data
Accessibility of data

Answer 65

It is essential that all datasets are complete to ensure data is reliable and valid. The scenario in the question features an incomplete dataset.

Question 66

A graduate student is conducting research for a professor who wants to write an article about the positive impact of mentorship on scholarship recipients. The professor has advised the graduate student to only collect and record data that shows a positive relationship.
The graduate student is worried that the research is not ethical and approaches the professor to explain that there is an issue with ___________.

Consent
Confirmation Bias
Communications
Accessibility

Answer 66

The professor is determined to show a positive relationship and has set out to only collect data that displays that, which is an example of confirmation bias.

Question 67

A learning experience designer has collected data that examines how much assessment feedback student athletes receive compared to non-athlete classmates. The results revealed that, on average, student athletes received 20% less feedback than non-athletes. What do the results of this study indicate? Choose 2 answers.
The results raise awareness of disparity.
The results acknowledge the cultural values of the professors administering the feedback.
The results reveal sensitive information.
The results present information that the university is obligated to act upon.
The results suggest that professors believe student athletes need less feedback on assignments.

Answer 67

That’s right. The results raise awareness of disparity.
The results shed light on the inequalities that are occurring.
That’s right. The results present information that the university is obligated to act upon.
Because the results identified an unfairness, the institution must evaluate how it should act to address it.

Question 68

A trainer is responsible for teaching the features and capabilities of a proprietary software system to large groups of new employees with widely varying technology skill levels.
How can this trainer use prescriptive learning analytics to enhance individual employees’ learning experiences?

By identifying the group’s technical deficiencies
By developing personalized learning at scale
By determining the achievement level of the group
By categorizing the new employees’ performance

Answer 68

Development of personalized learning at scale is possible through prescriptive analytics, which uses a combination of machine learning, algorithms, business rules, and computational modeling based on prior performance to recommend future actions, thus enhancing individual employees’ learning experiences.

Question 69

Middle school students watch a video with embedded quizzes for a social studies assignment.
How could the students’ teacher use descriptive learning analytics with the purpose of determining individual student progress with the presented content?

By examining student engagement with the video and quiz question responses
By analyzing the ratio of time spent answering quiz questions to correct responses
By identifying the start and end time of each student’s viewing of the video
By comparing each student’s quiz score to the average score of all students

Answer 69

By examining student engagement with the video and quiz question responses

Descriptive learning analytics can be used to examine existing patterns of student learning by measuring engagement with the presented content, enabling the teacher to determine individual student progress.

Question 70

A trainer in a large organization teaches evidence-based selling techniques to sales agents after they have completed their first year of employment. Following the first unit of training, participants access an online module that reviews the content presented and captures participant responses to related questions. After reviewing the participants’ responses, the trainer determines that most participants have not correctly answered the questions associated with the unit’s learning objective. The trainer is required to show that 80% of the participants correctly respond to 80% of each unit’s questions.
How could the trainer use prescriptive learning analytics with the purpose of presenting a modified version of the unit that will have a greater impact on this same group of participants?

By grouping participants randomly and asking them about their interests related to the specific unit presented
By asking participants how they want to receive the training content and how they want to participate in the training
By using the identified weaknesses in the participants’ collective performance to adapt the first unit of training
By identifying participants with higher sales performance measures and those with lower sales performance measures
correct

Answer 70

Adapting the unit based on participants’ collective performance is an effective use of prescriptive learning analytics, which would recommend modifications to improve the training through a combination of machine learning, algorithms, business rules, and computational modeling.

Question 71

A general education chemistry course is taught by a professor who has a reputation of failing most students every semester. The professor has been asked to conduct a review to identify areas in which students struggled so student performance can be improved.
What type of learning analytics data could this professor use for the purpose of identifying areas that need improvement for students to be more successful?

The total number of student absences in a semester
A ranked list of students based on final exam scores
The percentage of students who submitted a negative course evaluation
The mean score for each assessment in the course

Answer 71

By analyzing the mean score for each assessment in the course, the professor can identify areas of the course in which students are struggling so necessary improvements can be made.

Question 72

How can prescriptive learning analytics data from course evaluations in higher education be used for the purpose of making improvements to a course?
Critical comments can be analyzed to determine areas in the course that may need revision.
Positive comments can be shared with prospective students so they are encouraged to take the course.
Critical comments can be examined to determine which students need support.
Positive comments can be used to negate any critical comments.

Answer 72

Critical comments on course evaluations can help identify parts of the course that students struggle with and provide suggestions for making improvements.

Question 73

At the end of a grammar unit for second-grade students, a teacher administers an assessment to determine the students’ ability to write complete sentences. Learning analytics show that 25% of all students do not demonstrate competency.
How could this instructor use prescriptive learning analytics in order to customize instruction and address this problem?

By implementing a grammar-check program for written responses
By determining individual skills that need reteaching by categorizing common errors
By examining potential reasons why some students demonstrated competency
By estimating how students will perform in subsequent grammar units

Answer 73

Categorizing common errors reveals areas in the grammar unit where some students struggle to learn or retain information, which allows the teacher to implement supports and interventions in those areas.

Question 74

Administrative support staff in an organization are learning how to prepare digital presentations through an online course. The course is mostly self-paced; content is delivered by a learning management system (LMS) but facilitated by a trainer. New to the training curriculum is an enhanced coaching component. Coaching consists of regularly scheduled one-on-one sessions where course participants meet with the trainer for an hour each week. While the enhanced coaching experience increases the course length, the trainer notes the productive working relationship between coaches and course participants and believes it may positively influence participants’ application of digital presentation skills after the training. Two months after the course ends, the organization’s human resources (HR) department asks participants to describe how their participation has enhanced their ability to prepare digital presentations.
What should the trainer do to determine whether the longer training period and enhanced coaching are valuable to employees and the organization?

Examine historical knowledge check results and the number of presentations created since the end of the course
Examine the number of digital presentations created by participants during the past year
Examine total course hours per participant and associated participant feedback collected by HR
Examine key phrases in digital presentations created by participants during the past year
correct

Answer 74

Examining the correlation between each participant’s total course hours and associated participant feedback will help the trainer determine whether employees considered the longer training and enhanced coaching to be valuable.

Question 75

A trainer identifies several participants in an Adobe course who have not completed a graphic activity at the end of the first unit. The trainer examines the performance dashboard in the learning management system (LMS) and determines that these participants attempted the activity but quit after several unsuccessful attempts.

How should the trainer use data measures to foster successful learning for all participants?

By identifying participants who are unlikely to apply graphic design skills in their positions and providing that information to the human resources department

By identifying participants who have little interest in advanced Adobe and providing them with an opportunity to study editing concepts

By identifying participants who should participate in an adaptive learning experience in the LMS that includes customized instruction

By identifying participants who should participate in a designed learning experience in the LMS that consists of knowledge checks

Answer 75

By identifying participants who should participate in an adaptive learning experience in the LMS that includes customized instruction

Question 76

An employee training software uses a digital textbook and online learning checks to determine their competency. The student cannot move on through the course until the learning checks are completed successfully. The instructor has access to the results as does the students.

What can be determined from the learning analytics data measures from these learning checks to help the instructor decide how to help students meet the competency goals of the course?

Which students will not pass the course

Which students have not read the text

The content that students have mastered

The quality of the digital textbook

Answer 76

The content that students have mastered

Question 77

Which of the following is the most effective way for the fourth-grade teacher to use data measures to determine if the enrichment unit on decimals is effectively sequenced for remote learners?

Answer 77

Results from end-of-module quizzes