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ANAT: Module 12 > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

-paired organs
-located near lateral walls of the pelvis
-2cm in length
-where the eggs, or ova, are produced and stored prior to ovulation

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2
Q

what do the ligaments of the ovaries do? general function.

A

protect and anchor the ovaries

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3
Q

the ovaries are also protected by an outer covering of __________ ___________ tissue

A

dense connective

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4
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the ovaries?

A

ovarian and suspensory ligaments

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5
Q

the ovarian ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ________-

A

uterus

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6
Q

the suspensory ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ______ ______

A

pelvic wall

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7
Q

what is the connective tissue capsule that the ovaries are surrounded by called?

A

tunica albuginea

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8
Q

deep to the tunica albuginea the ovaries are each divided into a ________ and ________

A

cortex and medulla

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9
Q

what does the cortex in the ovaries contain?

A

many ovarian follicles, each at different stage in development towards becoming a mature follicle

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10
Q

how many mature follicles are ovulated during a menstural cycle?

A

one

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11
Q

what are the different developmental stages of a follicle, ordered?

A

1) Primordial Follicle:
2) Primary Follicle
3) Secondary Follicle
4)Graafian Follicle
5) Corpus Luteum

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12
Q

the _________ follicle is the most immature of the follicles and is made up of single later of squamous cells surrounding the oocyte

A

primordial

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13
Q

the _______ follicle develops from the primordial follicle, has two or more layers of cells surrounding the egg

A

primary

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14
Q

the _______ follicle is surrounded by many layers of cells, and contains an antrum (fluid filled space)

A

secondary

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15
Q

after ovulation the _______ _______ develops from the remnats of the mature follicle.

A

corpus luteum

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16
Q

what does the corpus luteum produce?

A

-mainly progesterone
-to lesser extent: estrogen to support fetilization

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17
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

A

it degenerates

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18
Q

the __________ follicle is the mature follicle that will be ovulated.

A

graafian

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19
Q

ovulation is the _______ of a graafian follicle, where it is ejected from the ovary

A

rupture

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20
Q

the _______ follicle is surrounded by multiple layers of cells and contains an antrum (but larger than 2nd follicle)

A

graafain

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21
Q

what is the medulla of the ovaries?

A

inner region of the ovaries, contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the tissue of the ovary

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22
Q

what are the uterine tubes?

A

the ducts of the female reproductive system, also referred to as the fallopian tubes or oviducts (10-12cm)

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23
Q

what are the 3 regions of the uterine tubes?

A

-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus
-fimbriae?

24
Q

what is the infundibulum of the uterine tubes?

A

-funnel shaped distal end
-opens into the peritoneal cavity
-has fimbriae: finger like extensions
-function: capture the egg after it is released from an ovary

25
Q

what is the ampulla of the uterine tubes?

A

longest and widest portion, where fetilization normally occurs

26
Q

what is the isthmus of the uterine tubes?

A

-proximal portion (closest to the uterus)
-passes through the uterine wall
-opening into the lumen of the uterus

27
Q

where is the uterus located?

A

between the urinary bladder and the rectum

28
Q

what is the uterus?

A

the organ that carries and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy and contracts to eject the fetus during childbirth

29
Q

what are the three regions of the uterus?

A

-fundus
-body
-cervix

30
Q

the ________ is the most superior portion of the uterus. it is dome shaped and extends between the uterine tubes.

A

fundus

31
Q

the ________ is the main part of the uterus and is composed of smooth muscle

A

body

32
Q

the ________ is the most inferior portion of the uterrus that projects into the vagina.

A

cervix

33
Q

what does the cervical canal connect to in the cervix

A

the vagina

34
Q

what are the two openings of the cervical canal?

A

-internal os: connects uterus and cervix
-external os: connects cervix and vagina

35
Q

what other organ also a fundus ?

A

the stomach

36
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?

A

-endometrium
-myometrium
-perimetrium

37
Q

what is the endometrium of the uterine wall?

A

-inner lining of uterus
-undergoes changes throughout the menstral cycle
-makes up 10% of total mass of uterus

38
Q

what is the myometrium of the uterine wall?

A

-middle layer
-smooth muscle
-makes up 90% of total mass of uterus

39
Q

what is the perimetrium of the uterine wall?

A

-thin outer layer
-composed of serosa

40
Q

what is the uterus supported by? and what does it do

A

-broad ligament
-drapes over the uterus

41
Q

what does the vegina connect the uterus to?

A

to the outside of the body

42
Q

what does the vagina act as?

A

the birth canal

43
Q

the vagina called be organized into layers of _______?

A

cells

44
Q

the _________ of the vagina is stratified squamous, produced glycogen, metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid, protects the vagina by creating acidic environment

A

mucosa

45
Q

the _________ is elastic, loose connective tissue, inner circular, very thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, part of the vavgina

A

muscularis

46
Q

the vagina is covered by an ______-

A

adventitia

47
Q

which gland is responsible for secreting mucus into semen?

A

bulbourethral gland

48
Q

what is the external genitalia of the vagina?

A

-known as vulva or pudedum
-includes: mons pubis, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vesitbule

49
Q

what is the mons pubis?

A

the adipose tissue overlying the pubic bone

50
Q

what is the clitoris?

A

-highly sensitive area
-composed of erectile tissue
-homologous to the corpora cavernosa in the male
-includes: glans, crus, and bulb of vesitbule

51
Q

what is the labia majora?

A

-“large lips”
-two elongated fatty folds of skin that are homologrous to the male scrotum
-bear pubic hair

52
Q

what is the labia minora?

A

-“small lips”
-two thin, fat free folds of skin close to the vestibule (opening of the vagina)
-do not have pubic hair

53
Q

what is the vesitbule of the vulva?

A

-space bounded by the labia minora
-bears external urethral and vaginal openings

54
Q

what are mammary glands?

A

-breasts
-modified sweat glands
-produce and secrete milk
-15 to 20 lobes that contain glands
-connective tissue seperate the lobes
-function as the suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle and overlying skin (conn tissue)
-include lactiferous ducts: drain into the nipple
-areola: pigmented area around the nipples

55
Q

what is ectopic pregnancy?

A

-fetilization can occur outside of the typical region of fertilization
-results in implantation in an abormal location
-usually implants in one of the fallopian tubes
-fallopian tube would burst, and cause bleeding
-could also fertilize somewhere else
-1/60 pregnancies
-risk factors: pelvic inflammatory disease, STI, history of eptopic, previous tubual surgery
-must be treated

ANAT: Module 12 (3 decks)

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