Section 2 Flashcards
What are the ovaries?
-paired organs
-located near lateral walls of the pelvis
-2cm in length
-where the eggs, or ova, are produced and stored prior to ovulation
what do the ligaments of the ovaries do? general function.
protect and anchor the ovaries
the ovaries are also protected by an outer covering of __________ ___________ tissue
dense connective
what are the 2 ligaments of the ovaries?
ovarian and suspensory ligaments
the ovarian ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ________-
uterus
the suspensory ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ______ ______
pelvic wall
what is the connective tissue capsule that the ovaries are surrounded by called?
tunica albuginea
deep to the tunica albuginea the ovaries are each divided into a ________ and ________
cortex and medulla
what does the cortex in the ovaries contain?
many ovarian follicles, each at different stage in development towards becoming a mature follicle
how many mature follicles are ovulated during a menstural cycle?
one
what are the different developmental stages of a follicle, ordered?
1) Primordial Follicle:
2) Primary Follicle
3) Secondary Follicle
4)Graafian Follicle
5) Corpus Luteum
the _________ follicle is the most immature of the follicles and is made up of single later of squamous cells surrounding the oocyte
primordial
the _______ follicle develops from the primordial follicle, has two or more layers of cells surrounding the egg
primary
the _______ follicle is surrounded by many layers of cells, and contains an antrum (fluid filled space)
secondary
after ovulation the _______ _______ develops from the remnats of the mature follicle.
corpus luteum
what does the corpus luteum produce?
-mainly progesterone
-to lesser extent: estrogen to support fetilization
what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
it degenerates
the __________ follicle is the mature follicle that will be ovulated.
graafian
ovulation is the _______ of a graafian follicle, where it is ejected from the ovary
rupture
the _______ follicle is surrounded by multiple layers of cells and contains an antrum (but larger than 2nd follicle)
graafain
what is the medulla of the ovaries?
inner region of the ovaries, contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the tissue of the ovary
what are the uterine tubes?
the ducts of the female reproductive system, also referred to as the fallopian tubes or oviducts (10-12cm)
what are the 3 regions of the uterine tubes?
-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus
-fimbriae?
what is the infundibulum of the uterine tubes?
-funnel shaped distal end
-opens into the peritoneal cavity
-has fimbriae: finger like extensions
-function: capture the egg after it is released from an ovary
what is the ampulla of the uterine tubes?
longest and widest portion, where fetilization normally occurs
what is the isthmus of the uterine tubes?
-proximal portion (closest to the uterus)
-passes through the uterine wall
-opening into the lumen of the uterus
where is the uterus located?
between the urinary bladder and the rectum
what is the uterus?
the organ that carries and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy and contracts to eject the fetus during childbirth
what are the three regions of the uterus?
-fundus
-body
-cervix
the ________ is the most superior portion of the uterus. it is dome shaped and extends between the uterine tubes.
fundus
the ________ is the main part of the uterus and is composed of smooth muscle
body
the ________ is the most inferior portion of the uterrus that projects into the vagina.
cervix
what does the cervical canal connect to in the cervix
the vagina
what are the two openings of the cervical canal?
-internal os: connects uterus and cervix
-external os: connects cervix and vagina
what other organ also a fundus ?
the stomach
what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?
-endometrium
-myometrium
-perimetrium
what is the endometrium of the uterine wall?
-inner lining of uterus
-undergoes changes throughout the menstral cycle
-makes up 10% of total mass of uterus
what is the myometrium of the uterine wall?
-middle layer
-smooth muscle
-makes up 90% of total mass of uterus
what is the perimetrium of the uterine wall?
-thin outer layer
-composed of serosa
what is the uterus supported by? and what does it do
-broad ligament
-drapes over the uterus
what does the vegina connect the uterus to?
to the outside of the body
what does the vagina act as?
the birth canal
the vagina called be organized into layers of _______?
cells
the _________ of the vagina is stratified squamous, produced glycogen, metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid, protects the vagina by creating acidic environment
mucosa
the _________ is elastic, loose connective tissue, inner circular, very thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, part of the vavgina
muscularis
the vagina is covered by an ______-
adventitia
which gland is responsible for secreting mucus into semen?
bulbourethral gland
what is the external genitalia of the vagina?
-known as vulva or pudedum
-includes: mons pubis, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vesitbule
what is the mons pubis?
the adipose tissue overlying the pubic bone
what is the clitoris?
-highly sensitive area
-composed of erectile tissue
-homologous to the corpora cavernosa in the male
-includes: glans, crus, and bulb of vesitbule
what is the labia majora?
-“large lips”
-two elongated fatty folds of skin that are homologrous to the male scrotum
-bear pubic hair
what is the labia minora?
-“small lips”
-two thin, fat free folds of skin close to the vestibule (opening of the vagina)
-do not have pubic hair
what is the vesitbule of the vulva?
-space bounded by the labia minora
-bears external urethral and vaginal openings
what are mammary glands?
-breasts
-modified sweat glands
-produce and secrete milk
-15 to 20 lobes that contain glands
-connective tissue seperate the lobes
-function as the suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle and overlying skin (conn tissue)
-include lactiferous ducts: drain into the nipple
-areola: pigmented area around the nipples
what is ectopic pregnancy?
-fetilization can occur outside of the typical region of fertilization
-results in implantation in an abormal location
-usually implants in one of the fallopian tubes
-fallopian tube would burst, and cause bleeding
-could also fertilize somewhere else
-1/60 pregnancies
-risk factors: pelvic inflammatory disease, STI, history of eptopic, previous tubual surgery
-must be treated
