Section 2

Question 1

Why is the pituitary gland known as the master gland?

Answer 1

releases hormones that control all other endocrine glands

Question 2

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 2

inferior to the hypothalamus and sits in a concavity of the sphenoid bone in the middle of the skull

Question 3

What does the physical contact between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland allow for?

Answer 3

communication between the nervous and endocrine systems

Question 4

What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 4

-anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
-posterior lobe (neurohypopysis)

*each secrete unique hormones

Question 5

How is the anterior lobe of the pituitary composed?

Answer 5

composed of glandular (Adeno) secretory cells that prodice and release 7 stimulating hormones

Question 6

what are the 7 hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

-TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
-PRL: prolactin
-ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
-GH: growth hormone
-FSH: follicle stimulating hormone
-LH: Luteinizing hormone
-MSH: melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 7

What is the role of TSH? (hint: found in anterior lobe)

Answer 7

(thyroid stimulating hormone)
acts on the thyroid gland, causing it to release thyroid hormones

Question 8

What is the role of PRL? (hint: found in anterior lobe)

Answer 8

(prolactin)
induces the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk

Question 9

What is the role of ACTH? (hint: found in anterior lobe)

Answer 9

(adrenocorticotropic hormone)
acts on the adrenal glands, causing them to release their hormones

Question 10

What is the role of GH? (hint: found in anterior lobe)

Answer 10

(growth hormone)
stimulates growth in all cells

Question 11

What is the role of FSH and LH? (hint: found in the anterior lobe)

Answer 11

(follicle stimulating hormone & Luteinizing hormone)
both acts on the gonads, they stimulate secretion of estrogen and progesterone, and maturation of oocytes in the ovaries, and they stimulate secretion of testosterone and sperm production in the testes

Question 12

What is the role of MSH? (hint: found in the anterior lobe)

Answer 12

(melanocyte stimulating hormone)
stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce pigment

Question 13

What is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

-neurohypophysis
-it is made up of nervous tissue
-only releases two hormones, that are produced within the hypothalamus

Question 14

What are the two hormones of the posterior lobe?

Answer 14

-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-oxytocin

Question 15

What is ADH? (hint: antidiuretic hormone, posterior lobe)

Answer 15

promote reabsorption of water at the kidneys

Question 16

What is oxytocin? (hint: posterior lobe)

Answer 16

function is to promote uterine contractions during childbirth. Also plays a role in breastfeeding

Question 17

What is the histological difference between the anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

anterior lobe is made up of glandular tissue, while the posterior lobe is composed of nervous tissue