Section 2

Question 1

purpose of a product design specification

Answer 1

made up of the essential features that the product must provide

Question 2

purpose of a technical specification

Answer 2

defines the requirements for a product

Question 3

impact of manufacturing on society

Answer 3

toxic waste disposal, water contamination, air pollution

Question 4

open brief

Answer 4

more of a wide range for ideas because there are less requirements for the product to feature

Question 5

closed brief

Answer 5

more strict because there is more information on what the product must feature. eg. construction material

Question 6

methods of research

Answer 6

primary research, secondary research

Question 7

primary research

Answer 7

research in which the designer collected data for themselves

Question 8

secondary research

Answer 8

when a designer uses existing data like books, articles, or the internet to find and collect data

Question 9

research techniques

Answer 9

comparisons, questionnaires, surveys, tests, user trial, user trip

Question 10

comparisons

Answer 10

comparing two products in order to draw a conclusion from them

Question 11

questionnaires

Answer 11

designer creates a questionnaire and asks people to answer the research questions

Question 12

surveys

Answer 12

designer creates a survey and asks the target market questions about the product they are designing in order to make their design appeal to the target market

Question 13

tests/test rigs

Answer 13

prototype is made and the product’s function is tested

Question 14

idea generation techniques

Answer 14

take pencil for a walk, SCAMPER (SAM), brainstorming, biomimicry, morphological analysis

Question 15

take pencil for a walk

Answer 15

use pencil to draw a random squiggly line on a page without lifting pencil, once completed choose a shape from within the overlapping lines and incorporate it in your design

Question 16

(SAM)

Answer 16

Subtract (Substitute) Adapt Modify. think of an idea and then think about what you could subtract, adapt, then modify from it

Question 17

brainstorming

Answer 17

think of an idea straight from your head, try to make this idea as unique as possible

Question 18

biomimicry

Answer 18

think of something from the environment with an aesthetic feature that you’d like to incorporate in your design and do it

Question 19

morphological analysis

Answer 19

draw a table with different design features and possibilities in each column and then randomly select one of the columns and design a product with those features

Question 20

advantages of using 2D sketching techniques

Answer 20

faster design production, easy to amend and change if you don’t like it

Question 21

advantages of using 3D sketching techniques

Answer 21

accurate visualisation, allows designer to see what they would not see when using 2D

Question 22

what are composite materials?

Answer 22

composites are formed by combining two materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. The materials combined maintain their original properties and work together to produce a meterial with improved properties.

Question 23

what are the two basic plastic groups?

Answer 23

thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic

Question 24

properties of thermoplastics

Answer 24

• can be reheated and reshaped multiple times
• usually supplied in granular form that needs to be reheated in order to be placed in a mould
• waste material can be recycled

Question 25

examples of thermoplastics

Answer 25

acrylic, nylon, polypropyline, polystyrene

Question 26

properties of thermosetting plastics

Answer 26

• after it has already been heated and shaped it cannot be reheated or reshaped
• very strong and brittle material

Question 27

examples of thermosetting plastics

Answer 27

epoxies, phenol, urea formaldehyde, melamine

Question 28

what is injection moulding?

Answer 28

1. Plastic pellets are dropped into an injection unit containing a large screw with an increasing diameter, that’s covered in heating bands. 2. The pellets are pushed forward by the rotating screw, and once it’s reached the mould, the molten plastic is pushed into the mould through a syringe, and quickly cooled by water.
2. The plastic shrinks when it’s cooled, so it must be pushed off the mould by ejector pins​

Question 29

what kind of products are injection moulded?

Answer 29

products that have been injection moulded will have ejector pin marks or split lines from the mould.

Question 30

what is extrusion moulding?

Answer 30

1. A screw similar to the one used in injection molding melts plastic pellets and pushes the molten plastic into a long die.
2. The die is surrounded by water to cool the plastic, and a vacuum ensures the the plastic takes the correct shape.
3. After the plastic passes onto a conveyor belt, it is cut to the desired length.​

Question 31

what kind of products are extrusion moulded?

Answer 31

extrusion moulded parts or products tend to be long tube shapes

Question 32

what is blow moulding?

Answer 32

1. A hot hollow plastic tube is put inside a mold.
2. Pressurised air is blown into the tube, making it expand and take the moulds shape.
3. The plastic is removed from the mold and a deflasher and trimmer remove the excess plastic from the bottom and top of the bottle.​

Question 33

what kind of products are blow moulded?

Answer 33

you can see a split line on blow moulded products. blow moulding is often used to make bottles.

Question 34

what is rotational moulding?

Answer 34

1. Powder is added to the mold and put into a hot oven.
2. The mold rotates while the powder turns into a cohesive skin.
3. Then the cooling process begins, and air cools the still rotating plastic, until it’s ready to be removed.​

Question 35

what kind of products are rotational moulded?

Answer 35

usually large hollow objects with uniform thickness

Question 36

what is vacuum forming?

Answer 36

1. A sheet of plastic is heated above a mold.
2. Once it’s soft, the air under the mold is vacuumed out, so the plastic is forced downwards and takes the same shape as the mold.
3. Once it’s cool, the excess plastic is cut off after being taken off the mold​

Question 37

what kind of products are vacuum formed??

Answer 37

products with rounded/thinning corners, with visible texture from the mould or tapered slopes

Question 38

modelling types

Answer 38

block models, sketch models, scale models, CAD models, test rig

Question 39

graphic techniques

Answer 39

rough 2D, rough 3D, oblique, 1PP, 2PP, isometric, orthographic, sectional, render