Section 1.5-1.6 Quiz Flashcards
Constitutional Convention
- the gathering of 55 state delegates to develop a new constitution (except Rhode Island)
- took place at the Pennsylvania State House (aka Independence Hall) in Philadelphia
Virginia Plan
- written by James Madison and proposed by Edmund Randolph
- three-branch government with a national executive chosen by the legislature, a judiciary, and a bicameral legislature
- people would elect the members of the lower house whose members would let the members of the upper house
- representation would be based on population in both houses
- made the national government supreme over the states and set clear limits for each branch
New Jersey Plan
- written by William Paterson
- assured states their sovereignty through a national government with limited and defined powers
- no national court system
- plural executive (council)
- unicameral legislature with each state having one vote
Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)
- written by Roger Sherman
- bicameral legislature with House seats being determined by population and each state having 2 Senate seats
- Representatives elected by the people, Senators elected by state legislatures
- single executive chosen by the Electoral College
- national judiciary appointed by the president and approved by the Senate
Three-Fifths Compromise
- proposed by Roger Sherman and James Wilson
- only 3 out of 5 enslaved people would be counted to determine representation
Slave Trade Compromise
Congress could not stop the importation of slaves for 20 years after ratification
Commerce Compromise
- allowed the government to tax imports but not exports
- gave the government the ability to regulate trade between states
12th Amendment
- allows for separate elections of the President and Vice President
- associated with the election of 1800 between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
confederal system
a loose gathering of sovereign states for a common purpose
17th Amendment
Senators elected by people of a state
elastic clause
- Article I, Section 8, Line 18
- gives Congress the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for executing its powers
Commander in Chief
the president; oversees and manages the U.S. military
State of the Union Address
the president’s report on the state of the Union; includes economic, military, social, and policy information
Judiciary Act of 1789
created the three-tier federal court system
full faith and credit clause
Article IV; requires states to be open about their laws and encourages them to respect one another’s laws
privileges and immunities clause
Article IV; states cannot play favorites with their own citizens or exclude outsiders from basic privileges and immunities
extradition clause
- Article IV
- a person who commits a crime in one state and flees to another must be extradited and tried in the state having jurisdiction
- responsibility of state governors
Saenz v. Roe
based on a violation of Article IV’s privileges and immunity clause and the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause (citizens are guaranteed the right to travel and reserve their rights)
supremacy clause
Article VI; the Constitution and federal law are the supreme law of the land
Article I
creates the legislative branch (bicameral Congress) and outlines qualifications, powers, duties, terms of office, etc.
Article II
creates the executive branch/presidency and outlines qualifications, duties, and powers
Article III
creates the judicial branch and the Supreme Court
- outlines qualifications, jurisdictions, and powers
- establishes trial by jury
Article IV
- sanctity of and relationship between states
- full faith and credit clause
- rights of citizens
- admission of new states
- protection from the government
Article V
how to amend the Constitution
- proposed by 2/3 of both houses or states, ratified by 3/4 of states or state ratifying conventions
