Section 13 - Extracting Metals & Equilibria Flashcards
The Reactions and Reactivity of Metals - Describe oxidation and reduction in terms of addition and removal of oxygen
Oxidation is the gain of oxygen
Reduction is the loss of oxygen
The Reactions and Reactivity of Metals - In the reactivity series, what is the least reactive element?
Gold
The Reactions and Reactivity of Metals - Describe oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
Reduction is the gain of electrons
The Reactions and Reactivity of Metals - Describe what happens during a displacement reaction
Displacement reaction = when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound
Extracting Metals from their Ores - What is a metal ore and where are they usually found?
A metal ore is a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting the metal from it.
Ores are found in the Earth’s crust
Extracting Metals from their Ores - How are metals more reactive than carbon usually extracted from their ores?
Metals that are more reactive than carbon (e.g. aluminium) are extracted via electrolysis
Extracting Metals from their Ores - Describe how metals less reactive than carbon are extracted from their ores
Metals less reactive than carbon (e.g. iron) are extracted via reduction with carbon
Extracting Metals from their Ores - Name two biological methods that can be used to extract metals from low-grade ores
Phytoextraction = growing and burning plants that absorb metal ions to use the ash left behind, which contains metal compounds Bioleaching = using bacteria that can break down low-grade ores into an acidic solution containing copper ions
Conserving Resources - Give two ways in which recycling is better for the environment than disposing the waste in landfill
1) It conserves the Earth’s natural resources
2) It protects ecosystems and wildlife, unlike landfill, which often affects marine life especially
Conserving Resources - State how recycling can benefit the economy
Recycling saves money by reducing spending on landfills, which charge tipping fees and require significant amounts of land
Conserving Resources - What is a life cycle assessment?
Life cycle assessment = looks at each stage of the life of a product
Conserving Resources - Name four factors that should be considered when drawing up a life cycle assessment for a product
1) Choice of material
2) Manufacturing
3) Product use
4) Disposal
Equilibria - State Le Chatelier’s principle
If there is a change in concentration, pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium position will move to counteract the change
Equilibria - Describe what would happen to the equilibrium position of a reversible reaction if you increased the concentration of the reactants
The equilibrium will move to the right to use up the reactants, making more products
