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.๐’œ๐’ฒ๐’ฎ ๐’ž๐‘’๐“‡๐“‰๐’พ๐’ป๐’พ๐‘’๐’น ๐’Ÿ๐‘’๐“‹๐‘’๐“๐‘œ๐“…๐‘’๐“‡ > Section 13: AWS Serverless: Lambda > Flashcards

Section 13: AWS Serverless: Lambda Flashcards

1
Q

What is serverless?

A

A new paradigm in which the developers donโ€™t have to manage servers anymore

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2
Q

What do developers deploy when working in a serverless environment?

A

Just code (functions)

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3
Q

Does serverless mean that there are no servers?

A

No, it just means that you donโ€™t have to manage/provision/see them

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4
Q

Are AWS SNS & SQS considered serverless services?

A

Yes!

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5
Q

Is AWS EB considered a serverless service?

A

No!

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6
Q

What AWS service helps with authentication and authorization?

A

Cognito

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7
Q

What serverless AWS service helps with real time big data analysis?

A

Kinesis

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8
Q

What is the pricing model of AWS Lambda?

A

You pay per request and compute time

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9
Q

What does the free tier of AWS Lambda include?

A

1,000,000 requests

400,000 GBs of compute time

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10
Q

What services allows easy monitoring of AWS Lambda functions?

A

CloudWatch

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11
Q

How much RAM do AWS Lambda have by default?

A

128 MB

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12
Q

How much RAM can AWS Lambda have at max?

A

3 GB

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13
Q

How can you improve the CPU and network capacity of your Lambda functions?

A

By increasing the RAM (CPU and network will improve as a side effect)

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14
Q

Can Lambda integrate with API Gateway?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Can Lambda integrate with AWS IoT?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Can Lambda integrate with most AWS services?

A

Yes

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17
Q

How can you create serverless cron jobs in AWS?

A

Setting a CloudWatch event to trigger a Lambda function

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18
Q

How much $ is 1,000,000 requests in AWS Lambda beyond the free tier?

A

0.20$

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19
Q

In what increments is function execution compute time billed?

A

In increments of 100ms

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20
Q

What does GBs mean?

A

GB-seconds

Length of time you can have functions running at 1 GB ram

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21
Q

You have 100 GBs

How many seconds do you have if your functions are running at 1 GB of ram?

A

100 seconds

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22
Q

You have 100 GBs

How many seconds do you have if your functions are running at 512 MB of ram?

A

200 seconds

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23
Q

You have 100 GBs

How many seconds do you have if your functions are running at 128 MB of ram?

A

800 seconds

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24
Q

What is the default timeout of Lambda functions?

A

3 seconds

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25
Q

What is the maximum timeout of Lambda functions?

A

15 minutes

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26
Q

How many seconds are in 15 minutes?

A

900 seconds

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27
Q

What must you make sure of when interacting with other AWS resources from your Lambda function in order for your function to run properly?

A

Make sure that the right IAM policies (permissions) are attached to the function service Role

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28
Q

Can you deploy your functions in a VPC? If so, what impact will it have on the function?

A

Yes, but it will increase the initialization time

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29
Q

Can you set environment variables for your Lambda functions?

A

Yes

30
Q

How many functions can you have running at the same time within an AWS account?

A

Up to 1000 per region

31
Q

What can you do if you need more than a 1000 functions to run at the same time?

A

Open ticket with the AWS support

32
Q

How can you โ€œreserveโ€ concurrency for a specefic function?

A

By setting the amount of โ€œreserved concurrencyโ€ at the function level

33
Q

What will each invocation over the concurrency limit trigger?

A

A โ€œthrottleโ€

34
Q

What is throttle behaviour of a synchronous invocation?

A

Return a ThrottleError - 429

35
Q

What is throttle behaviour of an asynchronous invocation?

A

Retry automatically and go to DLQ

36
Q

How many times will a function asynchronous invocation be retried if it fails?

A

Two times

37
Q

After a function asynchronous invocation fails twice, where do unprocessed events go?

A

To the specified DLQ

38
Q

What is the payload of the event that goes to the DLQ from a failed Lambda function invocation?

A

Original payload

39
Q

What can a Lambda function DLQ be?

A

SNS topic

SQS queue

40
Q

What might be the reason if a Lambda function does not send failed invocations to a specified DLQ?

A

It does not have the right IAM permissions

41
Q

How does CloudWatch help with monitoring and logging of AWS Lambda functions?

A

You get metrics in CloudWatch Metrics

You get log groups and streams in CloudWatch Logs

42
Q

What might be the reason if a Lambda function does not send logs to CloudWatch?

A

It does not have the right IAM permissions

43
Q

How to run the X-Ray daemon when you want to use X-Ray to trace your Lambda functions invocations?

A

Simply enable it in the Lambda configuration

44
Q

What might be the reasons (plural) if a Lambda function does not send traces to X-Ray?

A

It does not have the right IAM permissions

You have forgotten to use the AWS X-Ray SDK in your code

45
Q

In what increments can you set the memory (RAM) of a Lambda function?

A

Increments of 64 MB

46
Q

What should you use if you need to temporarily store files while running a Lambda function?

A

The /tmp directory of the function container

47
Q

What is the disk capacity of the local storage in /tmp

A

512 MB

48
Q

What is the function deployment size limit (compressed zip)

A

50MB

49
Q

What is size limit of the uncompressed function code?

A

250MB

50
Q

Where should dependencies be when uploading a function to Lambda?

A

Zipped with the code

51
Q

What is the size limit of environment variables?

A

4 KB

52
Q

Where should you upload your functions code when deploying Lambda with CloudFormation?

A

In S3

53
Q

How can you tell CloudFormation where is your code for your function?

A

Refer to the S3 zip file location

54
Q

What is the Lambda /tmp space used for?

A

If your Lambda function needs to download a big file to work

If your Lambda function needs disk space to perform operations

55
Q

What happens to the content in the /tmp directory after a function finishes executing?

A

It will remain as long as the execution context is frozen

56
Q

What can you use for permanent persistence of objects used/created by AWS Lambda functions?

A

S3

57
Q

What happens to the execution context of a Lambda function after it is executed?

A

It is maintained for some time in anticipation of another Lambda function invocation

58
Q

When working on a Lambda function, what version are you editing?

A

$LATEST

59
Q

When you want to use a Lambda in production, what should you do?

A

Publish a version and create an alias (ex: โ€œPRODโ€) which points to that version

60
Q

When updating a Lambda function in production, what can you do to test the new function and make sure it runs smoothly?

A

Distribute a % of the Lambda executions to the new version

61
Q

Can you modify a Lambda function version which has been published?

A

No, they are immutable

62
Q

What are common alias which are a good idea to set in Lambda functions?

A

dev
test
prod

63
Q

What do Lambda function aliases point to?

A

Specific versions, either
100% traffic => single version
Distributed traffic => different versions

64
Q

Where should you perform heavy-duty work?

Connect to a DB, initialize AWS SDKs, pull in dependencies, etc.

A

Outside of your function handler

65
Q

What is the function handler?

A

The handler is the method in your Lambda function that processes events

66
Q

Should a Lambda function call itself?

A

No, you could get stuck in an infine loop and pay big $

67
Q

What is Lambda@Edge?

A

Lambda functions which get executed in Edge locations

68
Q

What are the two types requests/responses which Lambda@Edge allows you to modify?

A

ViewerRequest, OriginRequest,

OriginResponse, ViewerResponse

69
Q

What are some use cases of Lambda@Edge?

A 
Website Security and Privacy
Dynamic Web Application at the Edge
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Intelligently Route Across Origins and Data Centers
Bot Mitigation at the Edge
Real-time Image Transformation
A/B TestingUser 
Authentication and Authorization
User Prioritization
User Tracking and Analytics
70
Q

In CloudWatch Lambda log groups, where are log streams coming from?

A

Lambda functions invocations

71
Q

When changing/updating our lambda, what will be created in CloudWatch logs on the next execution?

A

A new log group for the new function version

.๐’œ๐’ฒ๐’ฎ ๐’ž๐‘’๐“‡๐“‰๐’พ๐’ป๐’พ๐‘’๐’น ๐’Ÿ๐‘’๐“‹๐‘’๐“๐‘œ๐“…๐‘’๐“‡ (26 decks)

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