Section 110

Question 1

110.1 State the mission of the Office of Oceanographer/Navigator of the Navy.

Answer 1

• Naval deputy to the Administrator of NOAA
• Spokesman for matters associated with Oceanography
• Supports the Navy’s navigation needs for charting products and systems.

Question 2

110.2a State the location, mission and component commands for COMNAVMETOCCOM

Answer 2

COMNAVMETOCCOM - Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command
Location: Stennis Space Center, MS
Mission: Responsible for the safety of our fleets in regards to the present and future natural environment.
* 5 Component Commands [FUNNN]:
*Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
*United States Naval Observatory
*Naval Oceanographic Office
*Naval Oceanography Operations Command
*Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Professional Development Center

Question 3

110.2b State the location, mission, and component commands for FLENUMMETOCCEN.

Answer 3

FLENUMMETOCCEN - Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
Location: Monterey, CA
Mission: Delivers weather, ocean and climate information for the Fleet and National Defense.

Question 4

110.2c State the location, mission, and component commands for NAVOCEANOPSCOM.

Answer 4

NAVOCEANOPSCOM - Naval Oceanography Operations Command
Location: Stennis Space Center, MS
Mission:Provide strategic, operational and tactical oceanographic, riverine and atmospheric decision superiority to U.S. and allied forces.

Question 5

110.2d State the location, mission, and component commands for NAVOCEANO.

Answer 5

NAVOCEANO - Naval Oceanographic Office
Location: Stennis Space Center, MS
Mission: Apply oceanographic knowledge across the full spectrum of warfare.
2 Component Commands:
* Naval Ice Center (NAVICE)
* National Ice Center (NIC)

Question 6

110.2e State the location, mission and component commands for USNAVOBSY

Answer 6

USNAVOBSY - United States Naval Observatory
Location: Washington, DC
Mission:
1. Determine the positions and motions of celestial bodies including the Earth.
2. Determine the precise time and provide timing data to the DoD for navigation and precise positioning as well as communications.

Question 7

110.3 Discuss the function of the COMNAVMETOCCOM Operational Oceanography Watch.

Answer 7

COMNAVMETOCCOM - Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command
The watch does the following:
*Maintain situation of fleet ops, and current world events.
*Point Of Contact for OPREP-3 reporting to NAVMETOCCOM leadership
*Receive RFS/RFI and broker managing requests
*Maintain the Oceanography Portal

Question 8

110.4 Discuss the primary services provided by deployable Naval Oceanography teams.

Answer 8

• Hazardous Weather,Evasion and Special Weather Phenomena Reports
• Strike Group Forecasts
• Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts
• METOC Post-Deployment Reports
• Observations
• Hydrography services and reports
  FYI ONLY: Hydrography involves measuring the depths, tides, and currents of a body of water and establishing the topography and morphology of seas, rivers, and lake beds.

Question 9

110.5 Discuss the basic organizational structure during Joint Naval Oceanography Operations

Answer 9

[tbd]

Question 10

110.6a Define collect in terms of Naval Oceanographic information.

Answer 10

Collect - Collecting information about atmospheric/ocean conditions.

Question 11

110.6b Define Analyze in terms of Naval Oceanographic information.

Answer 11

Analyze - Using raw data to determine predictive outcomes.

Question 12

110.6c Define predict in terms of Naval oceanographic information.

Answer 12

Predict - Creating informed decisions about what potential weather will be.

Question 13

110.6d Define exploit in terms of Naval Oceanographic information.

Answer 13

Exploit - Recommendations on how to use weather to military advantage.

Question 14

110.7 Discuss the purpose of BonD to include how it enables decision-making capabilities for the warfighter.

Answer 14

BonD - Battlespace on Demand, is Naval Oceanography’s operational concept.
Data->Environment->Performance->Decision
It guides and informs our technical domains, and drives our investment strategy.
It enables us to keep the fleet safe, and enhance warfighting effectiveness by achieving decision superiority.

Question 15

110.8 Discuss the various Naval Oceanography models/products available on the NEP-O

Answer 15

• Maritime Safety Models (High winds and Seas reports, tropical cyclone warnings, etc)
• Forecasts, OTSR warnings & advisories
• Ocean prediction, bathymetry and temperature
• Climatology
• Model outputs: Wave Watch 3, COAMPS, NOGAPS, GFS
• Ensemble forecasting
• Observations
• Radar & satellite

Question 16

110.9 Discuss the importance of satellite imagery to Naval Oceanography applications.

Answer 16

*Accurate and timely characterization of the littoral and riverine battlespace that allows for further manipulation of the data and products by the customer
*EO imagery can effectively aid in tracking weather patterns by showing physical changes in cloud
cover, terrain etc
*Radar imagery can help to accommodate Doppler readings and analysis
*IR can aid in facilitating oceanographic readings on temperature, salinity (in combination with other
readings), etc

Question 17

110.10a Discuss how Visibility affects military operations

Answer 17

• Targeting difficulty
• Air operations adversely affected
• Safe navigation
• Defense, reconnaissance

Question 18

110.10b Discuss how Precipitation affects military operations.

Answer 18

• Affects visibility and the functioning of many infrared and electro-optical sensors, radar, and communications systems
• Hazardous for transportation
• May result in mud slides, flooding, etc
• Damages supplies

Question 19

110.10c Discuss how Winds affect military operations.

Answer 19

• Combat effectiveness of troops by blowing dust, smoke, sand, or precipitation
• CBRN negative effect on downwind forces
• Aircraft and missile flight
• May result in Sortie of ships

Question 20

110.10d Discuss how Cloud Cover affects military operations.

Answer 20

• Visibility to strike operations

* Imagery collection

Question 21

110.10e Discuss how Temperature and Humidity affects military operations.

Answer 21

• Effects on ability for human operators to operate

* Reduction in effective use of equipment

Question 22

110.11 Discuss the effects of the ocean surface, ocean subsurface and how littoral characteristics may impact the operational environment.

Answer 22

• Ocean Surface:
• Winds can limit ship movements and operations and effect conditions subsurface
• Ocean Subsurface:
• Affects on submarine, antisubmarine, and mining operations
• Sonar can be limited by salinity, gradient, and composition.
• Littoral Characteristics:
• Affects amphibious operations and limits landing areas

Question 23

110. 12 Discuss the tactical advantages/disadvantages associated with the following acoustic propagation paths:
     a) Direct path
     b) Bottom bounce

Answer 23

a) Direct path is the most direct route from contact, easily discernible, short distances. Speed is fast. Stealth is low.
b) Bottom bounce sends a signal that bounces between the sea floor and the surface of the water. This gives much greater distance. The signal travels slower. Stealth is increased.

Question 24

Discus the tactical advantages / disadvantages associates with the following acoustic propagation paths:
c) Convergence zone

Answer 24

This is an area where a lot of sound accumulates near the ocean surface. The returns are distorted due to an over abundance of noise at these points. Speed is slow. Sound stays close to surface.

Question 25

Discuss teh tactical advantages / disadvantages associated with the following acoustic propagation paths:
d) Sound Channel

Answer 25

Sound waves refract within a channel of water due to variations in temperature. Stealth is increased.

Question 26

Discuss the tactical advantages/disadvantages associated with the following acoustic propagation paths:
e) Half-Channel

Answer 26

Long ranges for sound propagation due to refraction at bottom nad reflection at surface caused by isothermal conditions creating increase in speed to the bottom.

Sound bounces from ground to surface but not above the surface.

Question 27

Discuss teh tactical advantages / disadvantages associated with the following acoustic propagation paths:
f) Surface duct

Answer 27

Sound waves are sent near the surface. Advantage is the ability to hide below the ducting for masking.

Question 28

110.13 Discuss the basic relationship of Naval Oceanography to Geospacial Intelligence.

Answer 28

METOC conditions can affect other GEOINT activities, so a detailed understanding of the operational environment, both in the planning process and during ongoing operations, is critical to joint operations.

Geoint is intelligence on physical characteristics of the Earth. Oceanography provides some of these characteristics.

Question 29

110.14 Discuss space weather environmental considerations with reference to information warfare.

Answer 29

Solar flares, charged particles, cosmic rays, and other natural phenomena in space can affect communications, navigation, sensors, and electronic failures.

Question 30

Discuss the effects that the following atmospheric conditions can have on the electromagnetic propagation of a radar beam.

a) Standard refraction
b) Super-refraction
c) Sub-refraction
d) Trapping

Answer 30

a) Radar beam will travel in a strait line due to constant refraction within a column. Looks like it is bouncing… actually refracting.
b) Radar beam is bent towards the surface of the earth. This extends the radar coverage up to 50%
c) Radar beam is refracted away from the earth’s surface.
d) Radar beam refracts to and from the surface of the earth without touching it. Produces the greatest extremes in radar performance and can significantly extend the radar’s range.