Section 10 The Internet Flashcards
What is the Internet
A network of networks set up to allow computers to communicate with each other globally
What is the World Wide Web
A collection of web pages that reside on computers connected to the internet. Uses the internet as a service to communicate the information contained within these pages
What is an ISP
Internet Service Provider, a company thta provides users with access to the internt
What is the physical structire of the internet
Each continent uses backbone cables connected by trans continental leased lines fed across the sea beds
What is a URL
Uniform Resource Locator, the full address for an Internet Resource. Secifies the location including the names and usually the file type so that the browser can go and request it from the website server.
e.g. https://www.computerhope.com
What is an Internet Registar
Needed to ensure that a particular domain name is only used by one orginisation, and they hold records of all existing website names and the details of those domains that are currently available to purchase
What are internet Registies
Five global orginistaions governed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers with world wide data bases that hold records of all the domain names
What is a domain name
identifies the area or domain that an internet respource resides in
What is a fully qualified domain name
one that includes the host server name for example www, mail or ftp
What is an IP address
Internet Protocol Address is a unique address that is assigned to a network device. Routers can use this address to direct packets accordingly
What is Packet Switching
A method of communicating packets of data across a network on which other similarly communications are happening simultaneously
What are the three compoments of a data packet
header , payload , trailer
What is a TTL/ hop limit
What are routers
Used to connect atleast two networks , commonly two LANs or two WANs, or to connect a LAN and it’s ISP’s network
What is containd with in the trailer
end of packet flag checksum
What is in the payload
data
What is in the header
Senders IP address recipients IP address, protocol packet number number
Why are data packets kept small
To ensure that individual packets do not take excesive time to transfer , preventing other packets from moving
What is a gateway
required node in the network where data is travelling from one network to another that use different protocols.
What is meant by the term of packet switching
This is where large pieces of data are broken down into smaller chunks so that they can be sent over a network or the internet. After broken down they are assigned a header with destination, sender address and TTL. Then follow a protocol. Once arrived checksum is performed to check whether the packets may have been corrupted
What is a NIC card
Network Interface Card, allows a device to connect to a network via a wireless connection ( Bluetooth, Wi-Fi)
What is a switch
A device in a network that allows you to connect one or more devices/ networks together(usually LANs)
default router address ?
x.x.x.1
what represents a whole network
x.y.z.0
what two parts does an IP address consist of
network identifier
host identifier
what is the network identifier
left hand bits of 32 bit number used to define the network where nodes are communicating
what is the host identifier
right hand bits of 32 but number used to identify seperate nodes on the network
the alloction of IP addresses to host within a network as well as allocation of networks themselves is done vi the amount of bits assigned to each
how many IP addresses does IPv4 have
2^32
how many IP addresses does IPv6 have
2^128
