Section 1: The Material World Flashcards
What is the atom? What is it made out of?
the smallest particle, made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons
electron (what charge does it have? where is it located?)
negatively charged, in orbital
proton (what charge does it have? where is it located?)
positively charged, in nucleus
Neutron (what charge does it have? where is it located?)
no charge, in nucleus
What is the atomic number?
number of protons in an atom of the element
What are valence electrons?
electrons in the outer shell
What is a negative ion?
atom that has gained electrons, has more electrons than protons and thus is negative
What is a positive ion?
atom that has lost electrons, fewer electrons than protons and thus is positive
What is an electrolyte?
a substance that when dissolved in water will allow electric current to flow
What element does an acid have?
H+
What elements does a base have?
OH-
What is a salt?
It is made up of a metal and a non-metal
Electrical conductivity
ability to allow electric current to flow through the solution
pH greater than 7 is…
acidic
pH less than 7 is…
basic
pH = to 7 is…
neutral
If litmus paper turns blue the solution is…
basic
If litmus paper turns red the solution is…
acidic
Energy is…
the ability to do work
Law of conservation of energy states…
energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Energy efficiency is…
the percentage of energy consumed that was transformed into useful energy
Thermal energy is…
energy contained in a substance determined by the number of particles in the substance and their temperature
Physical change is..
changes only the physical aspect of the matter
Chemical change is..
changes the nature and characteristic properties of the matter, (release of gas, heat, emission of light, change in colour, precipitate
Cellular Respiration
glucose and oxygen are taken in to form CO2 and water (happens in humans)
sugar + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
Photosynthesis
chemical change that produces sugar and oxygen. How plants make their food
SUN + CO2+ H2O –> sugar + O2
What type of particles have more electrons
negatively charged
What type of particles have less electrons than protons?
positively charged
Induction is..
charging an object by bringing another charged object closer to it. Start with one charged object and one neutral object. End with one charged object and one with a partial charge on the one side.
Conduction is…
charging an object by touching it to a charged object. Start with one neutral object and a charged object, end up with two objects of the same charge
Friction is…
charging two objects by rubbing them against each other. Start with two neutral objects. End with 2 opposite charged objects.
A conductor is…
a substance that allow electrons to flow
An insulator is…
a substance that prevents flow of electrons
