Section 1: The Material World

Question 1

What is the atom? What is it made out of?

Answer 1

the smallest particle, made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons

Question 2

electron (what charge does it have? where is it located?)

Answer 2

negatively charged, in orbital

Question 3

proton (what charge does it have? where is it located?)

Answer 3

positively charged, in nucleus

Question 4

Neutron (what charge does it have? where is it located?)

Answer 4

no charge, in nucleus

Question 5

What is the atomic number?

Answer 5

number of protons in an atom of the element

Question 6

What are valence electrons?

Answer 6

electrons in the outer shell

Question 7

What is a negative ion?

Answer 7

atom that has gained electrons, has more electrons than protons and thus is negative

Question 8

What is a positive ion?

Answer 8

atom that has lost electrons, fewer electrons than protons and thus is positive

Question 9

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 9

a substance that when dissolved in water will allow electric current to flow

Question 10

What element does an acid have?

Answer 10

H+

Question 11

What elements does a base have?

Answer 11

OH-

Question 12

What is a salt?

Answer 12

It is made up of a metal and a non-metal

Question 13

Electrical conductivity

Answer 13

ability to allow electric current to flow through the solution

Question 14

pH greater than 7 is…

Answer 14

acidic

Question 15

pH less than 7 is…

Answer 15

basic

Question 16

pH = to 7 is…

Answer 16

neutral

Question 17

If litmus paper turns blue the solution is…

Answer 17

basic

Question 18

If litmus paper turns red the solution is…

Answer 18

acidic

Question 19

Energy is…

Answer 19

the ability to do work

Question 20

Law of conservation of energy states…

Answer 20

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 21

Energy efficiency is…

Answer 21

the percentage of energy consumed that was transformed into useful energy

Question 22

Thermal energy is…

Answer 22

energy contained in a substance determined by the number of particles in the substance and their temperature

Question 23

Physical change is..

Answer 23

changes only the physical aspect of the matter

Question 24

Chemical change is..

Answer 24

changes the nature and characteristic properties of the matter, (release of gas, heat, emission of light, change in colour, precipitate

Question 25

Cellular Respiration

Answer 25

glucose and oxygen are taken in to form CO2 and water (happens in humans)
sugar + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

Question 26

Photosynthesis

Answer 26

chemical change that produces sugar and oxygen. How plants make their food
SUN + CO2+ H2O –> sugar + O2

Question 27

What type of particles have more electrons

Answer 27

negatively charged

Question 28

What type of particles have less electrons than protons?

Answer 28

positively charged

Question 29

Induction is..

Answer 29

charging an object by bringing another charged object closer to it. Start with one charged object and one neutral object. End with one charged object and one with a partial charge on the one side.

Question 30

Conduction is…

Answer 30

charging an object by touching it to a charged object. Start with one neutral object and a charged object, end up with two objects of the same charge

Question 31

Friction is…

Answer 31

charging two objects by rubbing them against each other. Start with two neutral objects. End with 2 opposite charged objects.

Question 32

A conductor is…

Answer 32

a substance that allow electrons to flow

Question 33

An insulator is…

Answer 33

a substance that prevents flow of electrons