Section 1 Terms Flashcards
Professional services agreement
A contract between an owner and consultant for a task or set period of time
Work Breakdown Structure
A visual hierarchical deconstruction of all work to be done for a project that shows deliverable tasks and relation to other tasks. Used to create a schedule. Outlines overall work plan including finance/budget, feedback, monitoring, and tasks.
field order
change to plans issued by the Landscape Architect that requires no cost or schedule changes
“At risk” construction management
CM services are provided as an independent contractor rather than as an owner agent. CM must deliver project that meets GMP requirement or compensate the owner/be penalized
Post construction evaluation
evaluation done after final completion determining if the design meets the needs of the owner and users
Change Order
a change made within the general scope of a contract. Usually means additional pay or time for contractor.
Active interference
owner caused problems that prevent the contractor from staying on schedule. For example: not providing drawings on time.
Stop Notice
an order to stop work until being paid in public projects. Generally not used in private contracts (liens used instead)
0% Completion
item not started (CD Phase)
25% Completion
item started, still in progress
50% Completion
drawing started, not labeled
90% Completion
item is complete but has not been reviewed for QC
Punch list
List following substantial completion. Largely small items required to reach final completion
GMP
Guaranteed Maximum Price. This is the maximum price for a construction project created by the contractor using design documentation
Maximum-not-to-exceed
Maximum price for design services.
Schedule of values
Comprehensive list of items on a project representing the entire project and contract price. Can be used as a basis for submitting and reviewing progress payments. Incidental items are not listed but included in larger elements. For example: re-bar is included in concrete.
Record Drawings
Final set of drawings created by the architect that include all reported changes that happened during construction. Not considered the same as as-built drawings, which are created by the contractor.
Notice of award
Given to the contractor as a notice they have been awarded a contract
Notice to proceed
Notice that a contractor can begin construction process. GC will generally not begin ordering or any other processes until given this notice
Overhead
non-labor costs associated with operating an office
Bid Bond forfeiture
GC backs out after being awarded a contract. Must forfeit value of surety bond (5% of contract amount) up to price of the next highest bid to compensate owner. May also be required to forfeit bond value outright
Contingency
Wiggle room allotting extra budget for unforeseen issues. Generally 5-10% when estimated by an LA.
Bid rejection
Bid is thrown out & not considered. In public work this can be for lateness, not being a regular bid, or not meeting bond requirements. Private work can reject any and all bids for any reason, but this will create bad relationships between owners & contractors.
opinion of probable cost
cost estimate from designer based on takeoffs, details, and specifications. Not intended to be authoritative
Public work: Drawing ownership
In public work, drawings generally belong to the owner unless otherwise specified in the contract
Private work: Drawing ownership
In private work, drawings generally belong to the designer unless otherwise specified in the contract
“Or equal” & “Or approved equal” specification
This is a modification to a proprietary specification. “Approved” equal requires approval from the designer
Specification parts
Pt. 1: General; Pt 2. Product; Pt. 3 Execution
CSI Division 1
General Requirements
CSI Division 2
Existing Conditions
CSI Division 3
Concrete
CSI Division 4
Masonry
CSI Division 9
Finishes
CSI Division 31
Earthwork
CSI Division 32
Exterior Improvements
CSI Division 12
Furnishings
Statement of Interest
Given in response to a pre-project RFI
Errors & Omissions Insurance
professional liability insurance purchased to protect a firm from mistakes, claims of negligence, or failure to perform duties
Clerk of Works
Responsible for verifying quantities of delivered materials & confirming work is carried out properly and safely. Also responsible for ensuring quality of workmanship and safety is proper, and reports back to clients.
General Statute of Limitations
6-10 years for contracts, less for torts
Project work plan
Scheduling tool. Organizational framework to plan how and when project will occur
Binding arbitration
Arbitration that is court-enforceable but does not set legal precedent.
Work Plans
Plan for completing work put together by contractor before construction
Shop drawings
Drawings, diagrams, or illustrations clarifying exactly how something will be fabricated. Used for custom items as well.
Certificate of occupancy
Certificate issued by government building authority confirming a building/project is safe to occupy. Typically occurs around same time as substantial completion, but is not related.
Notice of Substantial completion
Notice given to contractor after approval from owner that project is largely complete & is followed by a punch list. Owner can no longer assess liquidated damages (lateness) and can only withhold costs for repair or punch list items.
Gantt Chart/Bar Chart
method of project scheduling for medium sized projects with limited deadlines, deliverables, and consultants
Critical Path Method
project scheduling process flow diagram superimposed over a timeline with deadlines. Handles large complex projects.
Milestone List
simplistic scheduling tool often used to convey schedule status without going into major detail
Construction Contract Documents
contains all documents for a project including correspondence & addendums. Completed when project is closed out, and thereby does not contain bid requirements which are no longer relevant.
Project Profit Goal
15-20%
Project Related Expenses
Non-labor costs like printing, messenger services, etc. Charged to client with 10% markup.
ALTA Survey
American Land Title Association Survey. Detailed land parcel map showing improvements, utilites, and other significant observations
Five Project Phases
start, planning, design, production, closeout
Architects Supplemental Instruction (ASI)
Issued by architect to contractor as a response to an RFI. Used to clarify drawings or make corrections to a drawing after it has been issued. Generally does not affect budget or timeline.
Request for Information (RFI)
Issued by contractor to architect asking for clarification on plans or details
Project Manual
All project documents except for CD’s. Includes specifications. Basically everything written in text before a project has begun.
Bidding Documents
All project documents needed for a contractor to create a bid. Does not include project modifications.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Methods to resolve conflict outside of the legal system. Main methods are arbitration, mediation, & partnering
Partnering
Method of dispute resolution where two groups solve an issue among themselves
Goals
Universal principles applied at all projects that do not change
Comprehensive General Liability Insurance
protects from lawsuits related to injury sustained by the general public, and from third party lawsuits
Separate Contracts Method
owner contracts all disciplines themselves. Also referred to as Multiple Prime contract method
Backcharging
provision in a contract allowing one party to recover expenses covering work from another when the other fails to perform. Not to be confused with acceleration.
Primary cause of cost overruns
Performing work outside of the project scope
Site Maintenance plan
holistic document taking current and future needs into account for a site. Addresses a variety of resource issues like maintenance budget, energy and water use, and user needs.
Submittals
written or physical information provided by a responsible contractor submitted to the owner or architect
Umbrella Excess Liability Insurance
Picks up coverage at the limit of a basic liability policy. Uses liability policy maximum coverage as deductible amount.
Contingent Liability
an injured third party is able to sue a responsible party regardless of any contracts responsible party may have with anyone else.
Construction closeout
primary purpose is to ensure the quality of the fully completed project
