Section 1 SG

Question 1

How long can brain go without oxygen before cells die

Answer 1

4-6 min

Question 2

USDT responsible for

Answer 2

Developing EMS standards and assisting states with upgrading the quality of care

Question 3

NHTSA responsible for

Answer 3

Established assessment program with set of standards

Question 4

State office of EMS responsible for

Answer 4

Coordination, administration, and integration of EMS system

Question 5

Upper airway structures

Answer 5

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (structures surrounding entrance to trachea)

Question 6

Lower airway structures

Answer 6

Trachea, bronchial passages, and alveoli

Question 7

Normal breath rate

Answer 7

Adult: 12-20 breaths per minute
Child: 18-30 bpm
Infant (0-6 months): 30-60 bpm

Question 8

Inhalation

Answer 8

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
21% oxygen 0.04% CO2

Question 9

Exhalation

Answer 9

Muscles and diaphragm relax
16% oxygen 4% CO2

Question 10

Stimulus to breath

Answer 10

Primary is CO2 levels in arterial blood

Question 11

Three nerves

Answer 11

Vagus (main nerve of parasympathetic system:controls digestion heart rate & immune system) , ocolomutor (movement of the eyes), phrenic (controls diaphragm)

Question 12

Res ipsa loquitor

Answer 12

The thing speaks for itself

Question 13

Medical direction

Answer 13

Provides operational framework and authorization for EMTs and others to provide prehospital care

Question 14

Off line

Answer 14

Already accepted, rule book

Question 15

On line

Answer 15

Real time communication with EMS providers and a physician

Question 16

Normal pulse rate

Answer 16

Adult: 60-100 bpm
6-10 yrs: 65-120 bpm
Preschool: 70-120
1-3 yrs: 80-140
0-1 yr: 90-160
Newborn: 100-170

Question 17

Blood flow

Answer 17

Right atrium receives from venae cavae
Pumps to right ventricle
RV pumps oxygen low blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries
Left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins
Left ventricle receives LA and pumps to aorta to flow through body

Question 18

Cardiac output

Answer 18

Product of heart rate and stroke volume
Liters per minute

Question 19

Stroke volume

Answer 19

Volume pumped out by left ventricle each contraction

Question 20

Peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 20

Resistance in system used to create BP, when blood vessels constrict it increases

Question 21

Hypotension

Answer 21

Low blood pressure

Question 22

Respiratory

Answer 22

Path of air/gas movement

Question 23

What does the brain stem control

Answer 23

Balance breathing heart rate and more

Question 24

Central and peripheral

Answer 24

Central: brain & spinal cord, consciousness
Peripheral: sensory and motor

Question 25

Linings of body cavities

Answer 25

Parietal mesoderm
Visceral layer
Epithelial membranes

Question 26

Inteavascular space

Answer 26

Space within blood vessels

Question 27

Homeostasis and sodium

Answer 27

Depends on kidney, drink more, expel more urine

Question 28

Levels of EMS provider LA county

Answer 28

EMT AEMT and Paramedic