Section 1: Professionalism & Section 3 Professional Accountability

Question 1

Definition of Professionals

Answer 1

A group (members) requiring specialized knowledge (instruction in skills and methods & understanding the underlying principles), who are accountable and responsible (self-regulating and self-governing), are committed to continued study (lifelong learning) and perform a public service (protecting the public)

Question 2

When evaluating the relationship between Professionals and Society, the Professional shoudl consider 6 points:

Answer 2

1. public trust, 2. elitist misperception, 3. monopoly misperception, 4. public expectations, 5. increased complexity and specialization, 6. accountability

Question 3

What is self-regulation?

Answer 3

Each province and territory has passed Acts to create Associations to regulate the practice of engineering and geoscience. Council members are elected (most are members, some are public) to regulate members of the Association. It provides a means of Right to title (“P.Eng”) and Scope of practice (only qualified members can practice)

Question 4

What title does a graduating engineer have?

Answer 4

They do not have the right to use P.Eng or Engineer in Training. They must register with the Association first

Question 5

Enforcement definition

Answer 5

Prosecuting individuals or entities that practice engineering without a licence, or offer engineering services to the public without holding a Certificate of Authorization or Permit to Practice

Question 6

Public definition

Answer 6

Any person or organization, except for the employer

Question 7

Professional Engineer (P.Eng) or Geoscientist (P.Geo) Licence - List 5 requirements

Answer 7

P.Eng or P.Geo is a type of licence issued by the Associations.
Requirements:
-Identity: proof of identity and Canadian citizenship
-Character: good character & reputation
-Education: academic qualification
-Experience: 48 months of suitable experience
-Competent: meeting 22 competencies
-Valid: references and validators
-Knowledge of Ethics and Law: need to write and pass NPPE
-Competency in written and spoken English

Question 8

Certificate of Authorization (CofA) or Permit to Practice

Answer 8

Licence issued by the Association that allows individuals and businesses to offer and provide professional engineering services to the public. Different from P.Eng licence that allows an individual to practice professional engineering for him/herself or their employer

Question 9

Engineer’s Seal - purpose and 2 elements to accompany it

Answer 9

Seal signifies that the author assumes professional responsibility and accountability for the document; that they have given serious thought to the content and declare others can rely on the design, facts, and judgments contained within.
Must be signed and dated

Question 10

Key terms that are required in all documents (perfection is not expected)

Answer 10

Reasonable judgment, adequate knowledge, and adequate experience

Question 11

A professional attitude includes the following 5 points:

Answer 11

• Time management
• Accuracy
• Clarity
• Courtesy
• Challenges

Question 12

Conflict of Interest definition

Answer 12

When one is in a position to make a decision that affects two or more opposing interests, which could disrupt the motivation. Not always deemed negative or illegal.
Examples:
- double billing for services
- acting as the contractor and the P.Eng
- acting as the supplier and the P.Eng
- moonlighting without disclosure
- allowing payment to alter professional opinions

Question 13

Statutory vs. Non-statutory standards and codes of practice

Answer 13

Statutory: standards and codes (such as the Occupational Health and Safety Act) to ensure the safety of design
Non-statutory: standards and codes that are not federal or provincial (such as ISO standards or USA standards), which the courts see as a minimally acceptable level

Question 14

Four steps for reducing hazards

Answer 14

1) eliminate known hazards
2) follow established design standards
3) follow law and regulations
4) follow good engineering practice

Question 15

Four steps of Hazard Analysis

Answer 15

1) identify hazards
2) eliminate hazards where possible
3) shield users when hazards cannot be eliminated
4) warm, remedy, recall where shielding is not possible

Question 16

Liability insurance definition

Answer 16

“errors and omissions” insurance to protect the professional from the costs of negligence

Question 17

Environmental Management System Standard set forth by the ISO organization

Answer 17

ISO14001

Question 18

Duty to protect the environment: 6 summary points

Answer 18

1) comply with environmental regulations
2) use specialists when not skilled
3) apply professional judgment
4) include costs of environment protection in evaluation
5) disclose information to protect the public
6) continually improve

Question 19

True or False: Associations hold the user responsible for the use of computer/program-based outputs

Answer 19

True.
1) know the limitation and accuracy of the software
2) test the software
3) examine and understand the related engineering principles

Question 20

Last step of approval process to use seal and stamp (5 points to check to make sure you are comfortable stamping)

Answer 20

1) scope
2) accepted practice
3) accuracy
4) completeness
5) format

Question 21

When do I get to stamp something?

Answer 21

Stamp and signature signify that a licensed professional has accepted responsibility for the engineering or geoscience work represented in the authenticated document

Question 22

Who is the seal the property of?

Answer 22

The seal remains the property of the Association and must be in the care and control of the engineer at all times. Omitting the seal on final documents is an offence of the Act. SEAL MUST BE SIGNED AND DATED

Question 23

what to stamp vs not to stamp

Answer 23

Stamp: documents released to public, all final drawings, reports, maps, technical analyses
Don’t stamp: internal documents, documents marked “for information” or “preliminary”, contracts or scope checklists

Question 24

what is a permit to practice

Answer 24

license issued by the Association to a firm offering engineering or geoscience services to the public

Question 25

What must be included in the validation by the Responsible Member (Permit to Practice) (5 items)

Answer 25

• name
• permit number
• signature
• licence number of the Responsible Member
• date of validation (not authentication)

Question 26

True or False: you can use your Permit to Practice number in advertising

Answer 26

False

Question 27

3 options for professionals in the case of a serious dilemma created by unsafe, unethical, or unsafe activities

Answer 27

1) Internal correction
2) whistleblowing (approaching your Association with the illegal act is not whistleblowing because the information won’t be made public)
3) Resign

Question 28

Troublemaker vs. Whistleblower

Answer 28

Troublemaker leaks information anonymously and does so for personal gain and not public protection

Question 29

5 common methods to communicate engineering materials

Answer 29

1) formal reports
2) design reports
3) basic contracts
4) drawings
5) oral presentations

Question 30

Regarding computer programs, a dummy run refers to:

Answer 30

Running a basic check on the program’s computation to get known answers

Question 31

CEAB

Answer 31

Evaluates undergraduate engineering programs offered by Canadian universities. Stands for: Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board

Question 32

Incompetence is a lack of what? (3 options)

Answer 32

knowledge, skills, or judgment

Question 33

What is the purpose of a corporation getting a Permit to Practice or Certificate of Authorization?

Answer 33

to demonstrate to the public that the firm is competent

Question 34

Theory X style of management

Answer 34

Theory X style managers believe their employees are less intelligent, lazier, and work solely for a sustainable income. Management believes employees’ work is based on their own self-interest. Managers who believe employees operate in this manner are more likely to use rewards or punishments as motivation.

Question 35

Theory Y style of management

Answer 35

Theory Y is a management style that assumes employees are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and are capable of taking responsibility. Theory Y managers encourage employees to be creative, take ownership of their work, and participate in decision-making.

Question 36

NAFTA

Answer 36

North America Free Trade Agreement

Question 37

T or F: applying a seal increases the liability of the author?

Answer 37

False. and omitting the seal does not relieve the author of liability either

Question 38

Agreement on Internal Trade

Answer 38

engineers licensed in one province or territory are entitled to a license to practice engineering in other provinces or territories

Question 39

When can the Registrar refer an application to the registration committee of an association?

Answer 39

When it appears that the individual may not be eligible for membership or that certain terms or conditions should be imposed on the individual’s membership

Question 40

Who is liable for unpaid assessments of taxes for a corporation under the Income Tax Act?

Answer 40

directors and officers (or agents)

Question 41

T or F: a member can appeal an association’s suspension in court

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T or F: applicants who have non-accredited engineering degrees or engineering related degrees may enter the engineering profession by writing technical exams based on the Engineering Canada syllabus

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Letter of assurance

Answer 43

A letter by a professional stating that work has been done in accordance with the plans or specifications

Question 44

purpose of the scope of practice specified for a profession

Answer 44

only registered professionals can perform work within the scope of practice