Section 1 PAPER 1 Flashcards
Name the 5 functions of the skeleton.
1) Support / Shape
2) Protection
3) Movement
4) Blood Cell Production
5) Mineral Storage
Name the 4 different types of bone.
1) Long Bones
2) Short Bones
3) Irregular Bones
4) Flat Bones
What is adduction and abduction?
Adduction = Bringing towards body
Abduction = Moving away from body
Name 3 types of joint.
1) Ball and Socket (shoulder)
2) Hinge (elbow)
3) Pivot (neck)
Name the 4 parts of a synovial joint.
1) Held together by ligaments
2) Cartilage to stop bones knocking together
3) Synovial fluid to reduce friction
4) Synovial membrane releases synovial fluid
What are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?
1) Transport of substances
2) Temperature control
3) Clotting of wounds
What’s the difference between ‘Aerobic Respiration’ and ‘Anaerobic Respiration’?
Aerobic Respiration = Your body’s keeping up with the oxygen demand of it’s cells (Slow work at a steady rate)
Anaerobic Respiration = Your body can’t supply all the oxygen needed (High intensity work for short periods of time)
What is the real name for the collar bone?
Clavicle.
What is the real name for the spine?
Vertebral Column.
What are the 3 bones in the arm?
1) Humerus (upper arm)
2) Ulna (lower arm)
3) Radius (lower arm)
What do ligaments do?
Hold bones together.
What do tendons do?
Attach muscles to bones.
What are antagonistic muscles?
Pairs of muscles that work against each other.
What happens in isomeric contraction?
The muscle stays the same length and so nothing moves. (pushing against a wall)
What happens in isotonic contraction?
The muscle changes length and so something moves. (lifting weights)
What happens in concentric contraction?
This is when a muscle contracts and shortens. (upwards phase of a bicep curl)
What happens in eccentric contraction?
This is when muscles contract and lengthen. (downward phase of bicep curl)
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart.
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart.
What do capillaries do?
Carry blood through the body to exchange gases and nutrients with the body’s tissues.
What’s the function of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen and transport it around the body.
What do white blood cells do?
Fight against disease.
What do platelets do?
Help blood clot at wounds.
What does plasma do?
Carries everything in the bloodstream.
What is vital capacity?
The most air you can possibly breath in after breathing out the largest volume of air you can.
How do you work out cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
What is the name for enlargement of the muscles?
Hypertrophy.
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air you breathe in or out during one breath.
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each contraction.
