Section 1 - Midterm

Question 1

Some scholars believe that between nine and fifteen thousand years ago, a land bridge existed between Asia and North America that we now call _____.

Answer 1

Beringia

Question 2

Mesoamerica is the geographic area stretching from north of Panama up to _____.

Answer 2

The desert of central Mexico

Question 3

The Maya flourished from roughly 2000 BCE to 900 CE in what is now _____, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala.

Answer 3

Mexico

Question 4

_____________ represented and ruled an aspect of the natural world.

Answer 4

Each god in the Aztec Pantheon

Question 5

The name Pueblo means ______.

Answer 5

town/village

Question 6

_____ women had both power and influence.

Answer 6

Lenape, Muscogee, and Cherokee

Question 7

During the Middle Ages, serfs made up about ___ percent of western Europe’s population.

Answer 7

60

Question 8

In 1492, a Genoese _______ named Christopher Columbus persuaded the monarchs to fund his expedition to the Far East.

Answer 8

Sailor

Question 9

The first major empire to emerge in West Africa was the ________Empire.

Answer 9

Ghana

Question 10

Most civilizations have practiced some form of human bondage and servitude, and _______were no different.

Answer 10

African

Question 11

Arab slave trading, which exchanged slaves for goods from the Mediterranean, existed ___________ Islam’s spread across North Africa.

Answer 11

Long before

Question 12

Initially, the Spanish tried to force Indians to __________.

Answer 12

Farm their crops

Question 13

Slavery based on race appears to have developed in the New World, with the introduction of gruelingly labor-intensive crops such as _______ and _______.

Answer 13

sugar ; coffee

Question 14

__________ colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic.

Answer 14

Portuguese

Question 15

The _____________ had greater fear of a naval attack from Africans than on a land attack from Europeans.

Answer 15

Portuguese

Question 16

______ were goals of Spanish exploration.

Answer 16

Expanding Catholicism and gaining a commercial advantage over Portugal

Question 17

Christopher Columbus fully expected to land in _______.

Answer 17

Asia

Question 18

Christopher Columbus sailed to an island he named _________.

Answer 18

Hispaniola

Question 19

Many other Europeans followed in Columbus’s footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing _________.

Answer 19

West

Question 20

________ advocated making the Bible accessible to ordinary people.

Answer 20

John Calvin

Question 21

________ emphasized human powerlessness before an omniscient God and stressed the idea of predestination, the belief that God selected a few chosen people for salvation while everyone else was predestined to damnation.

Answer 21

Calvinism

Question 22

The seismic break with the Catholic Church in England occurred in the 1530s, when _________ established a new, Protestant state religion.

Answer 22

Henry VIII

Question 23

_________worked to erase all vestiges of Protestantism from the Church of England.

Answer 23

Puritans

Question 24

The conflict between Spain and England dragged on into the early _______ century.

Answer 24

17th

Question 25

________ characterized the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Answer 25

Religious intolerance

Question 26

The rise of colonial societies in the Americas brought ______, _______, and ______together for the first time.

Answer 26

Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans

Question 27

During the 1500s, Spain expanded its colonial empire to the Philippines in the Far East and to_____.

Answer 27

Areas in the Americas that later became U.S.

Question 28

The Spanish imposed the ________system in the areas they controlled.

Answer 28

Encomienda

Question 29

_________expanded the fledgling outpost of New Netherland east to present-day Long Island, and for many miles north along the Hudson River.

Answer 29

Peter Stuvyescant

Question 30

One observer claimed ______ different languages could be heard on the streets of New Amsterdam.

Answer 30

18

Question 31

The Dutch West India Company found the business of colonization in New Netherland to be _________.

Answer 31

Expensive

Question 32

A crushing demand for labor to grow New World cash crops led Europeans to rely increasingly on _______.

Answer 32

Africans

Question 33

The growing slave trade with Europeans had a profound impact on the people of _______.

Answer 33

West Africa

Question 34

Once sold to traders, all slaves sent to America endured the _______.

Answer 34

Middle Passage, transatlantic crossing 1-2 months

Question 35

Native peoples did not believe in _______of land.

Answer 35

Private ownership

Question 36

Perhaps European colonization’s single greatest impact on the North American environment was the ________.

Answer 36

Introduction of disease

Question 37

European expansion in the Americas led to an unprecedented movement of ______across the Atlantic.

Answer 37

Plants

Question 38

By the mid-1700s, Great Britain had developed into a _______ powerhouse.

Answer 38

Commercial and military

Question 39

In order to reap the greatest economic benefit from England’s overseas possessions, Charles II enacted the mercantilist _______ Acts.

Answer 39

Navigation

Question 40

Charles II was committed to expanding England’s __________.

Answer 40

Overseas possessions

Question 41

During the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664–1667), English forces gained control of the Dutch fur trading colony of __________

Answer 41

New Netherland

Question 42

Pennsylvania means ______ in Latin.

Answer 42

Penn’s Woods

Question 43

The 1651 Navigation Ordinance, a product of Cromwell’s England, required that_________.

Answer 43

Only English ships carried goods between England and the colonies, and that the captain and ¾ of the crew be English

Question 44

The Whigs worked to depose James, and in late 1688 they succeeded, an event they celebrated as the _______while James fled to the court of Louis XIV in France.

Answer 44

Glorious Revolution

Question 45

One notable uprising that became known as the ________ took place in South Carolina in September 1739.

Answer 45

Stono Rebellion

Question 46

During the eighteenth century, the British Atlantic experienced an outburst of Protestant revivalism known as the _______________.

Answer 46

First Great Awakening

Question 47

The _____________, or the __________, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith.

Answer 47

Enlightenment; Age of Reason

Question 48

The _______ were a fraternal society that advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance.

Answer 48

Freemasons

Question 49

_______ was the only government-funded colonial project.

Answer 49

Georgia

Question 50

The _________ (1754–1763), known as the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) in Europe, proved to be the decisive contest between Britain and France in America.

Answer 50

French and Indian War

Question 51

_______ was the only government-funded colonial project.

Answer 51

Georgia

Question 52

Many historians believe the fault lines separating what later became the North and South in the United States originated in the profound differences between the ________ and _______ colonies.

Answer 52

Chesapeake ; New England

Question 53

What came to be known as _____________ was a list of what Martin Luther viewed as needed church reforms.

Answer 53

The Ninety-Five Theses

Question 54

The Protestant Reformation was a split or schism among European _______.

Answer 54

Christians

Question 55

The Spanish brought _______ into the valley of Mexico.

Answer 55

small pox

Question 56

By the eleventh century, a major Christian holy war called the ______ or ______, had begun to slowly push the Muslims from Spain.

Answer 56

Reconquista or reconquest

Question 57

Following Muhammad’s death in 632, Islam spread by both _______ and ________ conquest.

Answer 57

Conversion and military conquest

Question 58

Spain’s drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of ______ and _____.

Answer 58

Conversion ; Military

Question 59

In the __________, fighting between rival native peoples spread throughout the Great Lakes region.

Answer 59

Beaver Wars

Question 60

By the mid-seventeenth century, the Puritans had pushed their way further into the interior of New England, establishing outposts along the ______ River Valley.

Answer 60

Connecticut