Section 1: lesson 4 Flashcards
what is a deductive argument
an argument meant to provide decisive support for their conclusions
what is an inductive argument
an argument meant to provide probable support for their conclusions
a good __ argument is said to be both valid and sound
deductive
a good __ argument is said to be both strong and cogent
inductive
what is a deductive inference
the premises intended to prove conclusive support for the conclusion
what is an inductive inference
the support the premises intend to provide for the conclusion is less than certain
what inference guarantees the conclusion is certain
deductive
what inference does not guarantee the conclusion
inductive
what inference uses proofs, logic, and definitions
deductive
what inference uses analogies, hypothetical reasoning , analogies from qualified authorities
inductive
what is an inference to the best explanation/abduction
arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct one
a deduction is a
guarentee
an induction is
probable
abduction
the best available explanation
what is truth the property of
propositions
what can never be true or false
arguments
deductive arguments are either __ or __ NEVER __ or __
they are valid of invalid never true or false
can an argument be true or false?
no
what is an invalid argument structure
one where the truth of the premise is meant to guarantee the truth of the conclusion but fails to do so
what is a sound argument
a valid argument that has true premises
what is soundness about
both structure and truth
you must have a good structure and true premises to make a __ argument
sound
what is an unsound argument
an argument that either is invalid or has at least one false premise
what is validity the property of
an argument structure
what is truth
a proposition that accurately represents reality
what is validity
in a good deductive argument structure, the true premises would make the conclusion necessarily true
all __ + __ = sound argument
all true premises + valid structure= sound argument
can an argument be valid with false premises
yes
can an argument be invalid with true premises
yes
cogent is the equivalent of…
sound
all ___ + ___ = cogency argument
all true premises + strong inductive support
an inductive argument can not be __ it can be __
it cannot be valid or invalid it can be strong or weak
a deductive argument can not be __ it can be __
it cannot be strong or weak it can be valid or invalid
