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NCIDQ > Section 1 - Jaime > Flashcards

Section 1 - Jaime Flashcards

Building Systems, Codes, Construction Standards, & Contract Admin

1
Q

What government REGULATES Building Code in CANADA?

(1-3)

A

Provincial Government

regulates building code in Canada

(Hint: Alberta Building Code)

(1-3)

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2
Q

What is ASTM international?

(1.1)

A

An organization that publishes test procedures. They don’t actually peform the testing but they create the standards.

(Formerly American Society of Testing Material)

(1.1)

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3
Q

What is the NFPA?

(1-4)

A

The NFPA is the National Fire Protection Agency.

An agency that develops standards related to the causes and prevention of destructive fires.

(1-4)

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4
Q

What is ANSI?

(1-4)

A

ANSI is the American National Standards Institute.

ANSI does not develop standards, it approves them to avoid consistency by other organization in efforts to avoid duplicates etc.

(1-4)

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5
Q

What are the two most important types of tests for Interior Design components?

(1-5)

A
  1. Construction assembly regarding prevention of fire and passage of smoke.
  2. Degree of flammabilty of a finish material.

(1-5)

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6
Q

What is ASTM E119?

(1-6)

A

ASTM E119 is:

the standard test method for fire tests of building construction and materials.

The result of the test is ratings given in time (Ex. 1, 2, 3, 4 hours) based on how long the construction assembly can resist fire without failing.

(Hint: The two 1’s look like a partition section or 9-1-1 backwards)

(1-6)

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7
Q

What is ASTM E84?

(1-6)

A

ASTM E84 is:

  • Also known as the “Steiner tunnel” test.
  • One of the most well known tests for surface burning characteristics of building materials.
  • Tests burning charachteristics tested in a narrow test chamber.
  • Compares to glass enforced cement board with a rating of 0 to red oak flooing with a rating of 100.
  • The test identifies materials as Class A(I), B(II) or C(III).
  • A is the most fire resistant with C being the least.
  • Building codes will specify minimum flame spread rating required which is differentiated by occupancy.
  • Note: A similar test is the NFPA 265 “The Room Corner Test”.

(1-6)

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8
Q

What is:

NFPA 253?

(1-7)

A

NFPA 253 is a standard test for:

Flooring Radiant Panel Test

  • The test measures flame spread of carpet or flooring in a corridor or exitway with fully developed fire in adjacent space.
  • Defines two classes - Class I and Class II
  • Class I typical for hospitals etc.
  • Class II typical for most other (unless sprinklered)

(1-7)

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9
Q

What is:

NFPA 257?

(1-6)

A

**NFPA 257 **is a standard test for:

Windows & Glass Assemblies

(1-6)

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10
Q

What is:

NFPA 252?

(1-6)

A

NFPA 252 is a standard test for:

Door Assemblies

  • Tests passage of flame, heat and gases.
    (hint: *think 2524 like our house #)

(1-6)

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11
Q

What is: **NFPA 701 **?

(1-9)

A

**NPPA 701 **tests flame propagation of textiles and Films.

(ex. Drapery, Curtains and other window treatments)

(1-9)

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12
Q

What are the 3 Types of Fire Rated Partitions?

(1-10)

A

1. Fire Partition (1 hour)

  • (ex. Walls seperating dwelling units, Guest Rooms, Tenant Spaces, Corridor Walls, Elevator Lobbies, etc.)
  • Must be slab to slab or extend to underside of rated ceiling.
  • Openings in Fire Partitions must be minimum rating of 3/4 of an hour.

2. Fire Barrer ( Greater than 1 Hour)

  • (ex. Vertical Exit enclosures, To separate occupancies, etc.)
  • Must be Slab to Slab.

3. Smoke Barrier (1 hour)

  • Designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.
  • Note: Openings in smoke barriers must have at least a 20 minute rating.

(1-10)

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13
Q

Describe A Fire Protection System?

(1-15)

A

A Fire Protection System is any fire alarm or fire-extinguisher devise or system that is designed to detect, control or extinguish a fire.

(1-15)

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14
Q

What kind of glass must be used in hazardous locations?

(1-16)

A 
Glass used in hazardous locations must be:
safety glass (**TEMPERED OR LAMINATED)**

(1-16)

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15
Q

What is Fire Protection Rated Glass and how can it be used?

(1-16)

A

Fire Protection rated glass:

  • Fire PROTECTION rated glazing is referencing glass used in openings (doors/windows etc.)
  • is 6mm (1/4”) glass installed in steel frames.
  • Must be minimum 45 minute rating
  • Is limited to 1 hour fire partitions/fire barriers when the fire barrier is used to seperate occupancies or incidental use areas.
  • Limited to 25% of surface area on common wall.
  • A single lite of glass cannot exceed 9 sqft or have any dimension greater than 54”.

(Example: Junction 9)

(1-16)

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16
Q

What is Fire Resistant Rated Glass and how can it be used?

(1-17)

A

**Fire Resistant Rated Glass **is:

  • A glass that’s been testes as part of a fire resistant rated wall assemly (accourding to ASTM E119)
  • Can be up to two hours
  • Can be used in partitions higher than 1 hour but the glass must match the rating of the partition its installed in.
  • There are no area limitations.

(Example Canmore Multiplex)

(1-17)

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17
Q

What is a **GUARD **and how should it be installed?

(1-17)

A

A **GUARD **is installed for safety purposes on any platform raised more than 30” (762mm) off the floor. The following criteria applies:

  • Must be minimum 42” high (1070mm)
  • Must be designed so that a 4” sphere could not pass through any portion below 36”.

(1-17)

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18
Q

What Sound Ratings are required in residential construction seperating dwelling units or guest rooms?

(1-18)

A

Sound ratings required are as follows:

  • Minimum Sound Transmission (STC) of 50.
  • Minimum Impact Insultation Class (IIC) of 50.
  • Doors must be tight fitting to the frame and sill.

(1-18)

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19
Q

What are some of the critical dimensions required for masonry fireplaces?

(1-18)

A

Some critical dimensions of a Masonry Fireplace include:

  • No combustible trim is allowed within 6” of opening
  • Any trim between 6” and 12” can only project 1/8” for every inch away from the opening. (ex. trim 8” away from opening can project 8/8 or 1” total).
  • Beyond 12” the trim or mantel can project any amount.
  • Hearth must extend minimum 16” from opening and extend 8” past width of opening.

(1-18)

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20
Q

Define “Means of Egress”

(2-1)

A

A **“means of egress” **is a continuous and unobstructed safe path of travel (vertical and/or horizontal) from any one point in a buildling to a public way.

The means of egress includes three parts which must lead to a public way:

  1. Exit Access
  2. Exit
  3. Exit discharge

(2-1)

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21
Q

What is a Public Way ?

(2-1)

A

A **Public Way **is a parcel of land (ex. street, alley etc.) that is unobstructed from the ground to the sky and is permanently designated for public use.

*It must have a clear width of 10 ft. minimum.

(Note: an exit must lead to a public way).

(2-1)

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22
Q

Define **“Exit Access” **?

(2-1)

A
  • An **Exit Access **is the portion of the means of egress that leads to the entrance of an exit.
  • An exit acess may or may not be protected.
  • An exit access may include: rooms, corridors, hallways, doorways etc.
  • (Note: the Exit Access is where travel distance is regulated).

(2-1)

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23
Q

Define “E**xit Discharge” **?

(2-2)

A

**Exit Discharge **is:

  • Is the portion of the egress system between an exit and the public way.
  • Typically the exit discharge includes exterior components such as: balconies, exterior stairs, decks, etc.
  • Exit discharge can also include a lobby if the lobby itself is sprinklered and protected from other occupancies on the main floor with the same fire rating as the exit enclosure that opens on to it.

(2-2)

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24
Q

Define “Exit” ?

(2-2)

A

An **Exit **is:

  • The portion of the means of egress that provides a protected path from the exit access to the exit discharge.
  • Must be fully enclosed and protected from all other interior spaces by fire resistance rated construction.
  • Exits may be as simple as an exit door on the main floor or they may include exit enclosures for stairs.
  • Exits must have 1 or 2 hour rating
  • Travel distance is not an issue once the exit has been reached.

(2-2)

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25
Q

What is **Occupant Load **?

(2-3)

A

The **Occupant Load **is:

  • The assumed number of people that will occupy a space
  • Based on Occupancy classification.
  • Assumes that some occupancy types will pack people more densey than others and therefore exits should be planned accordingly.

(2-3)

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26
Q

What is Occupant Load Factor and how is it used to calculate Occupant Load?

(2-3)

A

Occupant Load factor is:

  • The assumed amount of space that a single person may occupy based on defined occupancy type (table provided in code).
  • Code defines if occupant load needs to be calculated using occupant load factor based on net or gross area.
  • Note: If any accessory space exits through a primary space the occupant load must include the accessory space in its calculations.
  • When there are mixed occupancies, each area is calculated separately with its respective occupant load factor and then they are added together.

(2-3)

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27
Q

How is **Occupant Load **calculated for areas WITHOUT fixed seating?

(2-3)

A

Area assigned to particular use (Sq ft)

__divided by__

**Occupant load factor **

(2-3)

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28
Q

How is **Occupant Load **calculated for areas WITH fixed seating?

(2-4)

A

Calculated by taking actual seat count of seating areas and adding occupant load of other areas in which fixed seating is not installed.

(2-4)

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29
Q

Name the 10 Occupancy Groups?

(1-12)

A

**I FRESH A BUM **

**I - Institutional **

F - Factory/Industrial

**R - Residential **

E - Education

S - Storage

**H - Hazardous **

A - Assembly

**B - Business **

U - Utility

M - Mercantile

(1-12)

30
Q

What are some of the factors that Occupancy Classification affects in Interior Design?

(1-12)

A
  • calculation of occupant load
  • egress design
  • interior finish requirements
  • use of fire partitions and fire barriers
  • fire detection/suppression systems
  • ventilation/santitation requirements

(1-12)

31
Q

How are “mixed occupancies” separated?

(1-12)

A

Mixed occupancies must be separated with a fire barrier of the hourly rating as defined by the code ranging from 1-4 hours.

(Note: If the buildling is fully sprinklered, the required hourly rating generally is reduced by one hour.)

(1-12)

32
Q

What is a FIRE DAMPER?

(2-9)

A

A *Fire Damper *is a device that closes automatically in the event of a fire.

Note: A fire damper is required when a duct penetrates a rated corridor.

(2-9)

33
Q

Describe Classification based on Construction Type?

(1-14)

A

Type

I, II, III, IV, V

(Type I and II) Non combustible —————–> Combustible (Type III, IV, and V)

Note:

  • Buildings are limited in height & area depending on construction type & occupancy group.
  • Interior Designer must know construction type if major changes are occuring (Ex. change of occupancy)

(1-14)

34
Q

Describe Incedental Accessory Occupancy?

(1-13)

A

An Incidental Accessory Occupancy has these properties:

  • An area that is accompanying but not a major (less than 10%) part of an occupancy of the same classification
  • By code it must be seperated by a fire barrier or extinguisher system.
  • *Example Furnance room - requires 1 hour seperation

(Hint: Think “incident” as in preventing one with fire seperation)

(1-13)

35
Q

Describe how GLASS can be installed in a 1 Hour rated Corridor?

A

Glass in a 1 hour rated corridor must adhere to the following:

  • Be less than 25% of the surface area (unless fire resistant rated glazing is used, ex. wire glass)
  • Be 3/4 hour fire rated glass
36
Q

Explain** FIRE RATING FOR CORRIDORS? **

(2-8)

A

A FIRE RATED CORRIDOR must have a 1-hour rating.

  • Relevant for R-1 and I occupancies serving 10 or more and all other occupancies serving 30 or more.
  • Rating must be Slab to Slab unless ENTIRE ceiling servied is also 1 hour.

(2-8)

37
Q

Describe OBSTRUCTION RESTRICTIONS for CORRIDORS?

(2-8)

A
  • Width of corridors must be UNOBSTRUCTED with the exception of fully opened doors and handrails which can protrude a maximum of 7” total.
  • For accessible routes horizontal proejctions CAN NOT reduce the minium clear width.

(2-8)

38
Q

What two most notable occupanices require a wider corridor?

(2-8)

A

**1. Educational **

**2. Institutional **

Note: Recommended for NCIDQ exam to plan on corridors 1500mm wide where possible for commerical design.

(2-8)

39
Q

Describe how to calculate minimum width of a corridor?

(2-8)

A

**For Stairways: **

Occupant Load x 0.3

_Other Egress Components: _

Occupant Load x 0.2

Note: Absolute minimum for most occupancies is 1118mm (44 inches) if corridor serves 50 or more. For less than 50… Minimum is 36”.

(2-8)

40
Q

What is a DEAD-END CORRIDOR?

(2-8)

A
  • A **DEAD END CORRIDOR **is based on occupancy and sprinklering.
  • A dead end exists when the occupant only has one direction of exiting.
  • With a few exceptions, the code limits dead end corridors to 20’ (6096mm)

(2-8)

41
Q

What is a CORRIDOR?

(2-8)

A

A **CORRIDOR **is:

  • A portion of an exit ( exit access leading to an exit)
  • A corridor provides a safe means of egress
  • When 2 exits are required, corridors must be laid out so that it is possible to travel in 2 different directions to an exit.

Note: Corridors may be required to be fire resistant depending on occupant load and whether or not building is sprinklered.

(2-8)

42
Q

Describe typical EXiIT AND CORRIDOR requirements for most business and residential occupancies?

(2-7)

A
  • Exit widths are usually satisfied with minimum 3’ (915mm) doors and (Minimum 2 exits)
  • Corridors in commercial setting should be 5ft (1500mm) wide wherever possible.

(2-7)

43
Q

What is the **CLEAR WIDTH **of a door?

(2-7)

A

The clear width of a door is the actual unobstructed clearance through a doorway.

(Note: The width of the actual door at 90degrees obstructs the total clear width opening of a typical doorway)

(2-7)

44
Q

What is TRAVEL DISTANCE?

(2-6)

A

Travel Distance is:

The distance an occupant must travel from the most *remote *point of the occupied portions of the exit access to the entrance to the nearest exit.

Once an occupant is within a protected exit, travel distance is no longer an issue.

Note: Max travel distance is based on occupancy and whether the building is sprinklered or not.

(2-6)

45
Q

What three factors are primary considerations when determining required number of exits?

(2-4)

A
  1. Occupant Load
  2. Path of egress limitations (Travel distance)
  3. Large occupant load

(2-4)

46
Q

In the case of a high occupant load - how are required number of exits determined?

(2-5)

A
  1. Code max occupant load for one exit —–> 500 = 2 exits min.
  2. 501 —–> 1000 = 3 exits min.
  3. Greater than 1000 = 4 exits min.

(2-5)

47
Q

Define the “Common Path of Egress Travel” and what are its limitations?

(2-5)

A

The common path of egress travel is:

The portion of an exit access that an occupant needs to travel before reaching a distint path of egress travel to two seperate exits.

**If the distance exceeds 75ft (32m) then 2 exits min. are required.

(Example: travel from back corner of a rooom to a corridor)

(2-5)

48
Q

Explain how to arrange distance between two required exits?

(2-5)

A

When 2 exits are required, they must be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one HALF the length of the of the overall diagonal dimension of the total building or area being served. (Measured in a straight line between exits)

Note: If sprinklered, Measure 1/3 of diagonal only.

(2-5)

49
Q

Describe the limitations on EXITS through intervening spaces ?

(2-6)

A

Typically one exit is allowed to pass through an adjoining room so long as there is a direct and obvious unobstructed path of travel with the exception of the following:

  • Kitchens
  • Storerooms
  • Restrooms
  • Closets
  • Or Similar

Note that Lobbies and foyers with 1 hour ratings (min) are not considered adjoining rooms so occupants can pass through them for exiting purposes.

(2-6)

50
Q

Explain limitations for Egress **DOORS **?

(2-10)

A

Egress doors must adhere to the following:

  • Must be pivoted or side-hinged
  • Must swing in direction of travel
  • Must not swing into a required travel path such a a corridor.
  • Must have a clear width of at least 32” (813mm)
    • (Use 36” (915)mm doors as egress doors.)
  • Max width is 48” (1220mm)
  • Minimum height is 80” (2032mm)
  • Must be operable from the inside without any special though or instruction (panic bar)

(2-10)

51
Q

Give some examples of typical fire resistant ratings for doors in fire resitant rated partitions?

(2-10)

A

Refer to chart for examples of required door ratings depending on partition type.

(2-10)

52
Q

Describe How fire rated doors meet the requirements for positive pressure fire testing?

(2-10)

A

Doors must be equipped with:

  • Appropriate gasketing or intumescent material along its edge or frame that swells when exposed to heat to create a barrier to prevent smoke or fire from passing by.

(2-10)

53
Q

What is a self closing device and where is it used?

(2-10)

A

A self closing devise is used on fire rated egress doors.

It must provide a tight seal against smoke and drafts in the case of a fire.

(2-10)

54
Q

What kind of glass must be used ?

(2-10)

A

Glass in egress doors must be:

WIRE GLASS

It’s total area is limited depending on the doors fire rating.

(2-10)

55
Q

Give some examples of doors that would not typically be considered applicable for required exits?

(2-10)

A

Examples of non-conforming doors for exits include:

Revolving, Sliding and Overhead doors (with some exceptions).

(2-10)

56
Q

What is the minimum width of a stairwell for:

Occupancy LESS than 49 =

Occupancy MORE than 50 =

(2-11)

A

Occupancy LESS than 49 = 915mm

Occupancy MORE than 50 = 1118mm minimum or (occupancy load x 0.3)

(2-11)

57
Q

How far can a handrail project into the required width of a stairwell?

(2-11)

A

A handrail can project 4 1/2” (114mm) on EACH SIDE.

(2-11)

58
Q

Describe the rules for riser and tread dimensions on stairs.

(2-11)

A

The Riser can be 4”-7” tall and the tread must be 11” deep minimum.

(2-11)

59
Q

Describe the rules for **“Landings” on Stairs **

(2-11)

A

Every flight of stairs needs a landing on the top and bottom. The landing must be at least the width of the stairs unless it’s a straight run where 48” is acceptable.

(2-11)

60
Q

When are intermediate handrails applicable?

(2-11)

A

Intermediate handrails must be present on stairways wider than 5’ (1500mm).

(2-11)

61
Q

What classifies a stair?

(2-11)

A

With few exceptions - a stair is anything with one or more steps…

Therefore all rules (width handrail etc.) apply.

(2-11)

62
Q

Explain rules for a handrail.

(2-11)

A

A handrail must comply with the following:

  • Must extend 305mm at top and bottom landing.
  • Must be between 864mm and 965mm high 34” - 38”
  • The ends must return to the wall or terminate in a newel post.
  • The grip can not be less than 32mm or more than 51mm. (1 1/4” - 32”)
  • There must be a space at least 38mm (1 1/2”) wide between the wall and the handrail.
  • Must easily “grabbable”
63
Q

Describe escape window requirements for basements or second storey homes?

(2-12)

A

Windows required for escape access must comply to the following:

  • Must have a clear opening of no less than 5.7ft squared (.53m2)
  • Must have windowsill no higher than 44” (1118mm) off the flloor.
  • Minimum clear opening height = 24” (610mm)
  • Minimum clear opening width = 20” (508mm)

(2-12)

64
Q

What types of inspections are required for Interior Design Projects?

(2-14)

A

Interior design projects require the following inspections:

  • Framing
  • Gysum Wall board inspection
  • Pluming
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical
  • FInal Inspection

(2-14)

65
Q
A
66
Q

What is ASTM E662?

(1-6)

A

ASTM E662 is:

  • A test that ensures the amount of smoke that is given off by a smoldering material of finish.
  • Given a value between 0-800.
  • Most codes require a smoke density of 450 or less.

(1-6)

67
Q

What is NFPA 265?

(1-9)

A

NFPA 265 is:

  • Similar to ASTM E84
  • Referred to as the “room corner test”
  • Designed to determine the contribution of interior wall and ceiling coverings to room fire growth.

(1-9)

68
Q

What is NFPA 286?

(1-9)

A

NFPA 286 is:

  • designed to address concerns with interior finishes that do not remain in place during testing according to the E84 tunnel test. ​
  • Similar to th e NFPA 265
  • Evaluates extent to which finishes contribute to fire growth in a room.

(1-9)

69
Q

Since a building cannot be fireproof, what two classificatoins does the building code specify?

(1-9)

A

Since a building cannot be fireproof, the following is specified by the code:

  • Resistance of Materials & Assemblies
  • Surface burning characteristics of finish materials.

(1-9)

70
Q
A
71
Q

What is an Accessory Occupancy?

(1-13)

A

An Accessory Occupancy is:

  • Ancillory to the main occupancy but DOES NOT take up more than 10% of the floor area of the main occupancy.
  • An Accessory occupancy does NOT require the 2 hour occupancy seperationg normally required.

(1-13)

NCIDQ (2 decks)

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