Section 1: Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 1

4 muscles which run from the mandible to the hyoid bone. Together with the adjacent tissue, they form the floor of the mouth.

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 2

The mylohyoid muscle is a ______ muscle.

Answer 2

paired

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 3

The mylohyoid muscle’s origin is the…

Answer 3

mylohyoid line of mandible

[Table 1-3 from Netter’s Anatomy]

Question 4

From its origin, the mylohyoid muscle runs to a median tendon known as the ________ _____, where both parts of the muscle meet.

Answer 4

mylohyoid raphe

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 5

What is a raphe?

Answer 5

A groove, ridge, or seam in an organ or tissue, typically marking the line where two halves fused in the embryo.
It comes from the Greek “rhaphe” meaning ‘seam’.

Question 6

The insertion (or distal attachment) of the mylohyoid muscle is the…

Answer 6

…median raphe and body of hyoid bone.

[Table 1-3 from Netter’s Anatomy]

Question 7

The mylohyoid muscle is supplied by the ____________ nerve, from the __________ nerve, which is a branch of the __________ nerve.

Answer 7

mylohyoid nerve
mandibular nerve
trigeminal nerve

[Table 1-3 from Netter’s Anatomy]

Question 8

The main action of the mylohyoid muscle is to…

Answer 8

…elevates the hyoid bone, base of tongue, floor of mouth, and depress the mandible (i.e. jaw opening and chewing).

[Table 1-3 from Netter’s Anatomy]

Question 9

Blood supply of the mylohyoid muscle comes from….

Answer 9

….the sublingual branch of the lingual artery, and submental branch of the facial artery.

[Table 1-3 from Netter’s Anatomy]

Question 10

All suprahyoid muscles contribute to the floor of the mouth, but the actual muscle plate which bridges between the two rami of mandible is formed by the mylohyoid muscles which is called the ____ _________.
The mylohyoid is a flat, __________-shaped muscle, situated ________ to the digastric muscle.

Answer 10

oral diaphragm
triangular
superior

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 11

The oral diaphragm (mylohyoid muscle) separates the __________ region from the _____________ region. The only link between those 2 spaces is the connective tissue on the posterior part of the mylohyoid muscles.

Answer 11

sublingual
submandibular

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 12

Due to their contribution during ____________, the suprahyoid muscles are also referred to as _________ muscles of ___________. They also play an important role in swallowing and speech.

Answer 12

mastication
accessory muscles of mastication

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 13

In combination with the infrahyoid muscles, the suprahyoid muscles are responsible for the ___________ of the hyoid bone.
In other words, the suprahyoid muscles ___ the hyoid bone, while the infrahyoid muscles ____ it down.

Answer 13

positioning
lift
pull

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMawJfF1_ng]

Question 14

The 4 suprahyoid muscles are:

Answer 14

digastric muscle
stylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid muscle
geniohyoid muscle

(Remember: I would DIe to have STYLe like MY GENIe.)

Question 15

The digastric muscle consists of 2 parts which are separated by an ________ ______, which divides them into the ________ belly and ________ belly.

Answer 15

intermediate tendon
anterior belly and posterior belly

[From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxqCWyindCI]

Question 16

Interestingly, both bellies of the digastric muscle have different _____________ _______.

Answer 16

embryological origins

Question 17

The stylohyoid muscle extends from the posterior border of the _______ _______ of the ________ bone to the lesser ____ of the hyoid bone, accompanied by the posterior ____ of the digastric muscle.
At its distal part, the muscle divides into two ______.

Answer 17

styloid process
temporal
horn 
belly 
tendons

[From https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-stylohyoid-muscle]

Question 18

innervation of the stylohyoid muscle

Answer 18

facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

Question 19

blood supply of the stylohyoid muscle

Answer 19

the muscular branches of the facial and occipital arteries

[Netter’s Anatomy Table 1]

Question 20

main action of the stylohyoid muscle

Answer 20

Together with the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid during swallowing while also pulling the hyoid backwards, and helps to keep the mouth open.

[From https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-stylohyoid-muscle]

Question 21

origin of the digastric muscle –
The anterior belly of the digastric muscle originates from the _________ _____ of ________ and inserts together with the posterior belly on the ___________ ______.

Answer 21

digastric fossa of mandible
intermediate tendon

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 22

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is derived from the _____ __________ ____ and is therefore innervated by a branch of the mandibular nerve called the _________ nerve.

Answer 22

first pharyngeal arch
mylohyoid

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 23

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is ______ than the anterior belly and originates from the _______ _____ __ ________ ____ on the medial side of the mastoid process. It has its insertion on the intermediate tendon together with the anterior belly.

Answer 23

longer
mastoid notch of temporal bone

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 24

In contrast to the anterior belly, the posterior belly arises from the ______ pharyngeal arch which is why its nerve supply comes from the ______ nerve.

Answer 24

second
facial

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 25

In addition to forming the floor of the mouth, the suprahyoid muscles play an important role in _______, __________, and ______.

Answer 25

chewing
swallowing
speech

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 26

What is the main action of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 26

pulls the mandible forward and depresses it

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 27

What is the main action of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 27

draws back the hyoid bone

[https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/attachments-innervation-functions-of-digastric-muscle]

Question 28

What are the three anterior triangle divisions of the neck?

Answer 28

submandibular (digastric) triangle
carotid triangle (inferior and superior)
submental triangle