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Biology Unit 1: Genetic Processes > Section 1 - DNA > Flashcards

Section 1 - DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Who took part in the discovery of DNA?

A

James Watson, Francis Crik, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin.

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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3
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

The molecule that stores genetic information in an organism.

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4
Q

What is a nucleotide? What does it consist of?

A

A nucleotide is most basic building block/sub-unit of nucleic acids.

Each nucleotide has a phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogen base.

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5
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

A DNA molecule is made of 2 long strands bonded together (Double Helix).

Each strand consists of repeated units called a nucleotide.

The rungs (steps) of the DNA ladder are made from pairs of bases and are connected by hydrogen bonds.

The 2 long strand is made up if alternating phosphate and sugar molecules (sugar phosphate backbone).

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6
Q

Chromosomes are strands of?

A

DNA located in the nucleus.

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7
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human cell? How many pair does it have?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs (from both mom and dad).

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8
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes are sections of DNA strands. They contain info about the characteristics you will inherit.

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9
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of genes.

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

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11
Q

Base pairs hold the 2 strands of the DNA helix together. What are the rules for base pairing?

A

Adenine = Thymine

Cytosine = Guanine

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12
Q

What is the relationship between genes and proteins?

A

Genes contain the instrument for making proteins.

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13
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids.

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14
Q

Each amino acid is coded by..

A

It’s own special sequence of 3 bases called a triplet or a condon the order of triplets/condons in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids.

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15
Q

What connects the bases together?

A

The 2 long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds between the bases.

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16
Q

What are 2 types of nucleic acids?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

17
Q

What are polymers? (DNA, RNA)

A

Two long polymers (strands) in DNA that form the double helix.

Single stranded polymer of nucleotides in RNA

18
Q

What are monomers? (DNA, RNA)

A

The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides. The nucleotides in DNA and RNA are very similar.

19
Q

What is the difference between polymers and monomers?

A

Monomers are the building blocks of polymers (nucleotides).

Polymers are long molecules that contain repeating units of monomers.

20
Q

Nucleotides contain 2 types of nitrogen contain bases. What are they called?

A

Purines and Pyrimidines.

21
Q

Purines have..

A

A double ring structure.

22
Q

Pyrimidines have..

A

A single ring structure.

23
Q

What are the purine bases in DNA and RNA?

A

Adenine and Guanine.

24
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases in DNA?

A

Cytosine and Thymine.

25
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases in RNA?

A

Cytosine and Uracil.

26
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

To convert the stored information in DNA into proteins.

27
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

RNA consists of a single stranded polymer of nucleotides.

Contains the pentose sugar ribose and contains the organic bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

28
Q

What is the nitrogen base pairing in RNA?

A

Uracil = Adenine

Cytosine = Guanine

29
Q

RNA is involved in?

A

Protein synthesis.

30
Q

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

A
  • DNA has the pentose sugar deoxyribose and RNA has the pentose sugar ribose.
  • Nitrogen bases: DNA - AGCT, RNA - UACG
  • DNA is made up of two long strands and are bonded by hydrogen bonds. RNA is made up of a single strand.
31
Q

What are the similarities between DNA and RNA?

A

Both contain nucleotides, involved in protein, contains phosphate group, has 4 nitrogen bases.

32
Q

Pentose sugar is..

A

A sugar with 5 carbons in the central ring.

Biology Unit 1: Genetic Processes (2 decks)

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