Section 1 Digital Transformation

Question 1

cloud

Answer 1

A metaphor for the network of data centers that store and compute information available through the internet. It includes the complex web of software, computers, networks, and security systems involved.

Question 2

cloud technology/computing

Answer 2

The technology and processes needed to store, manage, and
access data that is transferred over the Cloud (as opposed to data that remains on your computer’s
hard drive).

Question 3

data

Answer 3

Any information that is useful to an organization. Can be numbers on a spreadsheet, text in an email, audio or video recordings, images, or even ideas in employees’ heads. Includes internal and
external information.

Question 4

Digital Transformation

Answer 4

– When an organization uses new technologies to redesign and redefine relationships with their customers, employees, and partners. Digital transformation uses modern digital technologies—including all types of public, private, and hybrid cloud platforms—to create or modify business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and
market dynamics

Question 5

Cloud native

Answer 5

An approach to building and running applications that exploit the advantages of the cloud computing delivery model. Cloud-native apps are designed to be scalable, resilient, and easily manageable.

Question 6

Open source

Answer 6

Software with source code that is publicly accessible and free for anyone to use,modify, and share.

Question 7

Open standard

Answer 7

Software that follows particular specifications that are openly accessible and usable by anyone.

Question 8

Describe the differences between cloud technology and traditional or on-premises technology.

Answer 8

Cloud: remote servers hosted on the internet ; pay-as-you-go model; operational expenditure, easily scalable, infrastructure managed by cloud provider
on-premises: local servers and hardware within company’s premises
high upfront costs for hardware and maintenance; capital expenditure; scaling requires additional investments

Question 9

on-premises IT infrastructure

Answer 9

This refers to hardware and software applications that are hosted
on-site, located, and operated within an organization’s data center to serve their unique needs.

Question 10

Explain the benefits of cloud technology to a business’ digital transformation: this technology is scalable, flexible, agile, secure, cost-effective and offers strategic value.

Answer 10

Scalable: Easily adjusts resources to meet changing demands.
Flexible: Supports a wide range of applications and services.
Agile: Rapid deployment and development cycles.
Secure: Advanced security features and compliance support.
Cost-Effective: Reduces capital expenditures and operational costs.
Strategic Value: Provides access to innovative technologies and tools.

Question 11

Describe the primary benefits of on-premises infrastructure, public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and multicloud and differentiate between them.

Answer 11

On-Premises Infrastructure:
Benefits: Full control over hardware and data, customization, and compliance.
Public Cloud:
Benefits: Scalability, cost-effectiveness, no maintenance, and global reach.
Private Cloud:
Benefits: Enhanced security, control, and customization.
Hybrid Cloud:
Benefits: Flexibility, optimized workload management, and cost efficiency.
Multicloud:
Benefits: Avoids vendor lock-in, improves resilience, and optimizes costs between different vendors

Question 12

Describe the main business transformation benefits of Google Cloud: intelligence, freedom, collaboration, trust, and sustainability.

Answer 12

Intelligence: Advanced analytics and AI tools for better decision-making.
Freedom: Open platform supporting multicloud and hybrid environments.
Collaboration: Tools like Google Workspace to enhance team collaboration.
Trust: Robust security, compliance, and reliability features.
Sustainability: Commitment to carbon-neutral cloud operations.

Question 13

Describe the implications and risks for organizations that do not adopt new technology.

Answer 13

Competitive Disadvantage: Lag behind competitors who leverage advanced technologies.
Inefficiency: Higher operational costs and less efficient processes.
Security Risks: Increased vulnerability to security threats.
Customer Dissatisfaction: Inability to meet modern customer expectations.
Talent Attraction: Difficulty attracting and retaining tech-savvy talent.

Question 14

Describe the drivers and challenges that lead organizations to undergo a digital transformation.

Answer 14

Drivers:
Customer Expectations: Need to meet evolving customer needs.
Competitive Pressure: Staying ahead of competitors.
Operational Efficiency: Streamlining processes and reducing costs.
Innovation: Leveraging new technologies for business growth.

Challenges:
Cultural Resistance: Organizational resistance to change.
Skill Gaps: Lack of necessary skills and expertise.
Cost: High initial investment.
Security: Concerns over data security and privacy.

Question 15

Describe the transformation cloud and how it accelerates an organization’s digital transformation through app and infrastructure modernization, data democratization, people connections, and trusted transactions

Answer 15

App and Infrastructure Modernization: Migrating and optimizing applications and infrastructure in the cloud.
Data Democratization: Enabling widespread access to data and insights.
People Connections: Enhancing collaboration through cloud-based tools.
Trusted Transactions: Ensuring secure and reliable transactions with advanced cloud security measures.

Question 16

Total cost of ownership (TCO)

Answer 16

A comprehensive assessment of all layers within the infrastructure
and other associated costs across the business over time. Includes acquiring hardware and
software, management and support, communications, and user expenses, and the cost of service
downtime, training, and other productivity losses.

Question 17

Describe how transitioning to a cloud infrastructure affects flexibility, scalability, reliability, elasticity, agility, and total cost of ownership (TCO). Apply these concepts to various business use cases.

Question 18

Explain how an organization’s transition from an on-premises environment to the cloud shifts their capital expenditures (CapEx) to operational expenditures (OpEx), and how that affects their total cost of ownership (TCO).

Answer 18

Operating expenses (OpEx): Recurring costs for a more immediate benefit. This represents the day-to-day expenses to run a business.
Capital expenditures (CapEx): Upfront business expenses put toward fixed assets. Organizations buy these items once, and they benefit their business for years.

Question 19

Identify when private, hybrid, or multicloud infrastructures best apply to different business use cases.

Answer 19

Private cloud: When an organization has virtualized servers in its own data centers, or those of a private cloud provider, to create its own private dedicated environment.
Public cloud: Where on-demand computing services and infrastructure are managed by a third-party provider, such as Google Cloud, and shared with multiple organizations or “tenants”
through the public internet.

Question 20

IP address

Question 21

Internet service provider (ISP)

Question 22

DNS

Question 23

Regions

Answer 23

Independent geographic areas where Google Cloud resources are deployed, composed of zones

Question 24

Zones

Answer 24

A geographic area where Google Cloud resources are deployed.

Question 25

fiber optics

Question 26

subsea cables

Question 27

network edge data centers

Question 28

network latency

Answer 28

The time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. Often measured in milliseconds, latency, sometimes called lag, describes delays in communication over a network.

Question 29

bandwidth

Answer 29

A measure of how much data a network can transfer in a given time.

Question 30

Discuss how Google Cloud supports digital transformation with global infrastructure and data centers connected by a fast, reliable network.

Question 31

IaaS

Answer 31

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): A computing model that offers the on-demand availability of almost infinitely scalable infrastructure resources, such as compute, networking, storage, and databases as services over the internet.

Question 32

PaaS

Answer 32

Platform as a service (PaaS): A computing model that offers a cloud-based platform for developing, running, and managing applications

Question 33

SaaS

Answer 33

Software as a service (SaaS): A computing model that offers an entire application, managed by a cloud provider, through a web browser

Question 34

Compare and contrast the benefits and trade-offs of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS including total cost of ownership (TCO), flexibility, shared responsibilities, management level, and necessary staffing and technical expertise.

Question 35

Determine which computing model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) applies to various business scenarios and use cases.

Question 36

Describe the cloud shared responsibility model. Compare which responsibilities are the cloud provider’s, and which responsibilities are the customer’s for on-premises and cloud computing models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).

Answer 36

Shared responsibility model: A model in which the responsibility to secure data is shared between a business and the cloud provider. The cloud service provider is the data processor, whereas the organization is the data controller