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AP World History > Section 1: Developments in East Asia and Dar al-Islam > Flashcards

Section 1: Developments in East Asia and Dar al-Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Which country became the world’s most commercialized society?

A

China

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2
Q

Which city represented a center of learning for the Abbasid Empire?

A

Baghdad

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3
Q

Which nation practiced Feudalism?

A

Japan

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4
Q

Which dynasty was considered the most innovative empire of the period (960-1279)

A

Song Dynasty

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5
Q

Who required a civil service exam based on Confucian ideals?

A

The meritocracy

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6
Q

In which nation did scholar officials display loyalty to village peasants?

A

Vietnam

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7
Q

Which nation adapted both Confucian and Buddhist beliefs similar to China?

A

Korea

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8
Q

Islamic scholarship and innovations contributed to which European movement?

A

The Renaissance

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9
Q

Who were the most influential rulers in Dar al-Islam from 750-1258?

A

The Abbasid Caliphate

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10
Q

Which religion was introduced to China from travel along the Silk Road?

A

Buddhism

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11
Q

Which land route crossed Eurasia and transferred both goods and ideals?

A

The Silk Road

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12
Q

What was referenced as the native religion of China?

A

Confucianism

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13
Q

What is filial piety?

A

The duty of displaying respect and obedience to the elder family members

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14
Q

What field of math did Nasir al-Din al Tusi contribute to?

A

Trigonometry

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15
Q

Which class was educated in Confucian ideals and outnumbered the aristocracy?

A

The Scholar Gentry

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16
Q

Which region represents the expansion of Islam across North Africa, the Middle East, and Spain? (is also known as the House of Islam)

A

Dar al-Islam

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17
Q

What did artisans do?

A

Made specialty goods made for sale within their homes

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18
Q

Who took over the Abbasid Empire in 1258?

A

The Mongols

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19
Q

How did Confucianism influence Song China’s political system? (in terms of bureaucracy)

A

Government leaders favored Confucianism as it emphasized the idea of forming an orderly society. So, they created the Imperial bureaucracy, which strengthened the dynasty, helped to restore order, and represented continuity across centuries.

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20
Q

How did Confucianism influence Song China’s political system? (in terms of the tributary system)

A

The government implemented the tributary system as it respected one of Confucianism’s most prized relationships: between ruler and subject. States had to honor the Chinese emperor by paying with money or goods

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21
Q

How did Confucianism influence Song China’s society and culture? (in terms of filial piety)

A

Confucianism influence and emphasized filial piety as it emphasized displaying respect to the elder members of the family, as well as to the emperor.

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22
Q

How did Confucianism influence Song China’s society and culture? (in terms of gender?)

A

Confucianism strengthened the patriarchal system and helped the Song Dynasty maintain their rule in China.

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23
Q

How did Buddhism arrive in China?

A

Via the Silk Roads from its birthplace in India

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24
Q

What were the cultural impacts of the arrival of Buddhism in China?

A
  • Became very popular in China and led to growth of monasteries
  • Became a problem for the Tang bureaucracy as they did not understand how a foreign religion could have such a prominence in their society
  • Made doaists and confucians jealous
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25
Q

How did the grand canal affect Song China?

A

The Song became the most populous trading area in the world as the canal encouraged foreign trade and tech, which led to prosperity and growth

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26
Q

How did Champa rice effect Song China?

A

Could be planted on lowlands, hills, and riverbanks; since a winter crop could be planted, this led to an abundance of food and population increase

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27
Q

How did the Chinese production of textiles and porcelain affect Song China?

A

The Song’s economy changed from local to market production

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28
Q

How did guns and gunpowder affect Song China?

A

Would make its way to Europe via the Silk Road and would lead it to being weaponized and the expansion of more weapons

29
Q

What trade routes were actively used for trade during this period?

A

The grand canal, the silk road, and sea routes

30
Q

How did China influence Japan?

A
  • Promoted Buddhism
  • Woodblocking was introduced
  • Heian: politics, art, and lit were influenced by Chinese culture
31
Q

How was Japan different from China?

A
  • Did not have a central gov. or bureaucracy (had feudalism)

- Had daimyos (aristocracy), samurai (protectors), and serfs (peasants)

32
Q

What was Hushido and who followed it?

A

Death before dishonor and was followed by the Samurai

33
Q

Japan’s hierarchy was similar to which country’s hierarchy?

A

Europe

34
Q

How did China influence Korea?

A
  • A tributary state
  • Adopted both Confucian and Buddhism
  • Adopted writing system
  • Followed politics / culture
35
Q

How was Korea different from China?

A
  • Land aristocracy held more power than in China
  • Elite prevented certain gov. changes from applying to society
  • Denied peasants access to civil service exams
36
Q

How did China influence Vietnam?

A
  • Adapted Chinese writing system and architecture
37
Q

How was Vietnam different from China?

A
  • Launched many rebellions against Chinese influence

- Loyalty of educated elite was to village peasants (not emperor)

38
Q

Describe the Abbasid Caliphate

A
  • Led by Persians / Arabs
  • Would eventually fragment or break apart in different states, but certain cultural traits remained present throughout the Islamic states
39
Q

Describe the seljuk empire

A

The seljuk turks (muslims) conquered parts of the middle east and declared the seljuk leader as sultan (11th century)

40
Q

Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule and how and where it expanded before 1450

A

Muslim rule expanded when the seljuk turks conquered the middle east and they extended their power almost as far east as Western China

41
Q

What were the effects of the rise of the Islamic states?

A

A cultural region formed. Trade spread new ideas and goods.

42
Q

Why was the House of Wisdom in Abbasid, Baghdad important?

A

It represented a center of learning where many advances were made in medicine, math, and literature

43
Q

What advanced were made in math?

A

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi studied the relationship between the sides of a triangle and angles. This laid the groundwork for making trigonometry a separate subject

44
Q

What advances were made in medicine?

A

Doctors and pharmacists studied for exams and licenses that would allow them to practice

45
Q

What are the economic similarities between the two empires described in sections 1.1-1.2?

A

Both empires formed a cultural region where new ideas, goods, and trade was encouraged

46
Q

What are the political similarities between the two empires in 1.1-1.2?

A

Both had advancements in education (china has civil service exam and Islam had advances in the house of wisdom)

47
Q

What are the social similarities between the two empires in 1.1-1.2?

A

Both had their respective leaders

48
Q

What are the economic differences between the two empires in 1.1-1.2?

A

Islam did not have a tributary system like China

49
Q

What are the political differences between the two empires in 1.1-1.2?

A

Islam did not have a bureaucracy or civil service like China

50
Q

What are the social differences between the two empires in 1.1-1.2?

A

In Islam, merchants were viewed as more prestigious than in China

51
Q

What are the three forms of Buddhism?

A

Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan

52
Q

What did Confucianism mostly deal with?

A

Restoring political and social order

53
Q

What are the five fundamental relationships of Confucianism?

A

Ruler/subject, parent/child, husband/wife, older/younger sibling, and friend/friend

54
Q

Where did Islam take place in the 7th century?

A

The middle east

55
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam?

A

Confession, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimmage

56
Q

Which dynasty replaced the Tang in 960?

A

The Song

57
Q

Under which dynasty did China’s bureaucracy expand?

A

The song

58
Q

How did China promote economic growth?

A

Instead of requiring people to work on projects, the government paid people to work. This promoted economic growth as it increased the amount of money in circulation

59
Q

After the death of Muhammad in 632, where did Islam rapidly spread outward from?

A

Arabia

60
Q

Who did Islamic leaders show tolerance to?

A

Christians, jews, and those who believed in a single god and did good works

61
Q

Who were the Egyptian mamlucks?

A

Enslaved people purchased by the Arabs who served as soldiers and later as bureaucrats

62
Q

What was the mamluk sultanate and how did they prosper?

A

Was established when the mamluks seized control of the gov. in Egypt. They prospered by facilitating trade in cotton and sugar between the Islamic world and europe

63
Q

What led to the mamluk sultanate’s decline in power?

A

When the Portuguese and other europeans developed new sea routes for trade

64
Q

For Islam, who was exempt from being enslaved?

A

Muslims, jews, christians, and zoroastrians

65
Q

What were some of the freedoms or things that Islamic women were allowed to do?

A
  • Inherit property and retain ownership after marriage
  • Practice birth control
  • Remarry if widowed
66
Q

Where did the Umayyads keep their power longest in?

A

Spain

67
Q

Which city did the Umayyads designate as their capital in Spain?

A

Cordoba

68
Q

Who did the Umayyad rulers in Cordoba tolerate?

A

Muslims, Christians, and Jews

AP World History (1 decks)

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