Section 1 Chapter 4

Question 1

earths center where pressures and temperatures are very high

Answer 1

core

Question 2

the section of earths interior that lies about the outer core and has the most mass

Answer 2

mantle

Question 3

liquid rock within earth

Answer 3

magma

Question 4

the theory that earths crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle

Answer 4

plate tectonics

Question 5

the process by which earths plates slowly move across the upper mantle

Answer 5

continental drift

Question 6

places on earths surface where the crust stretches until it breaks

Answer 6

rift valleys

Question 7

areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they h ave no supporting heat below them; the worlds flattest and smoothest regions

Answer 7

abyssal plains

Question 8

areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents

Answer 8

continental shelves

Question 9

a deep valley marking a collision of plates where one plates slides under another

Answer 9

trench

Question 10

places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates

Answer 10

folds

Question 11

places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away form each other

Answer 11

faults

Question 12

the process by which rocks break and decay over time

Answer 12

weathering

Question 13

small particles of weathered rock

Answer 13

sediment

Question 14

movement of surface material form one location to another by water wind and ice

Answer 14

erosion

Question 15

thick masses of ice including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers

Answer 15

glaciers

Question 16

an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side

Answer 16

plateau

Question 17

fan shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains

Answer 17

alluvial fan

Question 18

accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river

Answer 18

delta

Question 19

broken down plant and animal matter and in soil

Answer 19

humus

Question 20

downward movement of minerals and humus in soils

Answer 20

leaching

Question 21

plowing fields across a hill rather than up and down the hill

Answer 21

contour plowing

Question 22

a condition in which soil has lost nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming

Answer 22

soil exhaustion

Question 23

destruction or loss of forests

Answer 23

deforestation

Question 24

the replanting of a forest

Answer 24

reforestation

Question 25

artificial channels for transporting water

Answer 25

aqueducts

Question 26

rock layers where groundwater is plentiful

Answer 26

aquifers

Question 27

energy resources formed form the remains of ancient plants and animals including coal natural gas and petroleum

Answer 27

fossil fuels

Question 28

process of removing salt form ocean water

Answer 28

desalinization

Question 29

movement of water through the hydrosphere

Answer 29

hydrologic cycle

Question 30

first and smallest streams formed form the runoff of a mountain eventually forming rivers

Answer 30

headwaters

Question 31

any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river

Answer 31

tributary

Question 32

the entire region drained by a river and its tributary

Answer 32

watershed

Question 33

a region drained by a river and its tributaries

Answer 33

drainage basin

Question 34

semi enclosed bodies of water seawater and freshwater formed where a river meets an inlet of the sea

Answer 34

estuaries

Question 35

landscapes that are covered with water for at least part of the year

Answer 35

wetlands

Question 36

water found below ground

Answer 36

groundwater