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1 - History 1485-1603 > Section 1: Chapter 1 - The establishment of the Tudors (Henry VII) > Flashcards

Section 1: Chapter 1 - The establishment of the Tudors (Henry VII) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was farming like in 1485?

A
  1. Arable and pasture farming was common in the Midlands
  2. A lot of land was being enclosed and engrossed (buying loads of farms to make into one unit), and this angered many civilians
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2
Q

What was the cloth industry like in 1485?

A
  • The cloth industry created the most wealth

- The Crown made a lot of money from taxes on importing and exporting wool

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3
Q

What was English Society like in 1485?

A
  • everything was based on social hierarchy with king at the top and the beggars at the bottom
  • eldest sons inherited most (if not all) assets
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4
Q

What was the influence of the Catholic church like in 1485?

A
  • was immensely powerful
  • Controlled peoples beliefs and fears (e.g. illness/death)
  • Pope had supreme power over all spiritual powers
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5
Q

What were churches in the community like in 1485?

A
  • Were highly decorated as people donated money to the church as it still remained an important aspect in peoples lives
  • Held many special festivals to bring community together e.g. may day/ St Georges day
  • But still had many faults e.g Some clergy were ignorant and immoral
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6
Q

How was the church involved in Politics?

A
  • Church operated its own law courts to try crimes involving preaches or breaches of doctrine
  • Many members of the clergy were government advisers and ministers
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7
Q

What did Humanists believe in 1485 (refer to church)?

A
  • Placed more emphasis on learning/subjects, rather than placing emphasis on the church
  • criticised many of the church’s exploitations of practices e.g Indulgences
  • Believed the Church’s exploitation led souls away from God and raised money for clergy, rather than for learning about the Christian faith
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8
Q

Give one example of a humanist during the beginnings of change

A

Erasmus (1499)

  • Erasmu was influencial (to an extent) in England in England due to his wide circle of influential writers
  • He set out what he was as guidelines for a Christian life: Inward and personal faith, centred on prayer and reflection, wih a focus on the example of Jesus
  • But general population. still believed in Pilgrimages, saints miracles, and the veneration of images
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9
Q

How did the invention of printing impact England in (1476)? (Add ONE counter-argument too)

A
  1. It encouraged the spread of new ideas including those of humanist writers
  2. Helped the standardisation of English around the country
  3. Led to more gentry and noble classes learning to read so England became a more literate nation

BUT
- Most books were mythical tales or popular stories at the start, as opposed to new ideas

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10
Q

How did people ‘widen their horizons’ between 1487-1500 and what impact did this have?

A
  • people started to explore more so they found new nations/food
  • Increased knowledge of the world’s geography, due to the invention of maps (thanks to printing press)
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11
Q

Where did Henry’s claim to the throne come from?

A

His mother

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12
Q

What weakened Henry’s claim to the throne?

A

1- There was question over the legitimacy of his mothers family
2- He only gained the throne because most descendants died
3- He was an usurper

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13
Q

Who did Henry have to struggle against to gain the throne?

A

Richard III

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14
Q

How did Henry benefit from being in exile?

A
  1. He overheard news on England whilst he was in court at Brittany
  2. No one suspected him in Brittany as he didnt have a strong claim to the throne so people were careless around him
  3. He was able to make bonds with powerful people in Brittany e.g. King of France who offered Henry financial support
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15
Q

Why did Richard III lose the Battle of Bosworth in 1485?

A

1 - Richards commanders weren’t in full support of him as he blackmailed them to join him
2- The Stanleys joined Henry’s side and caught Richard off guard

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16
Q

What problems did Henry face after receiving the crown?

A

1- Henry’s seizure of the crown could just be seen as another sign of instability
2- Henry’s claim still wasnt strong and not enough to guarantee loyalty across land
3. He was an usurper (so same thing could happen to him)
3- House of York still lived on through de la Pole brothers
4- Margaret of Burgundy, a powerful trading partner with England, showed support against the Yorkists during Battle of Bosworth

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17
Q

How did Henry Benefit from the Battle of Bosworth? (except for fact that he became king)

A

1- The death of many noble heirs during battle meant lands returned to crown
2- Many gentry, merchants and farmers were exasperated with war and were ready to support the recovery of royal power
3- Henry proved himself as a leader and successful soldier

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18
Q

What were Henry VII main objectives upon becoming king in 1485?

A
  1. To establish and secure his right to the throne
  2. To strengthen royal government by better control of the nobility
  3. To strengthen the monarchy and the kingdom for the future by ensuring a strong financial foundation
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19
Q

How did Henry VII establish his right to the throne?

A
  1. He legitimised his claims by being crowned King and by marrying Elizabeth of York. (coronation signified approval of church and required nobiity to swear oath of loyalty)
  2. Made sure Coronation took place a week before parliament met so no one could say Parliament helped him (same reason for marriage with Elizabeth)
  3. Summoned parliament and embarked on Royal progress in 1486. (traditional acts of a king)
  4. Reward Bosworth supporters to ensure their loyalty and gain allies(e.g. Lord Stanley was made Earl of Derby
  5. Dated reign a day before Battle so he could arrest Richard supporters for ‘treason’
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20
Q

What governmental problems did Henry VII face?

A
  1. Nobles whos wealth and power made then potential rivals to the crown
  2. Crown had uneven crown over kingdom: stronger in more populated areas, but weaker in less populated areas
  3. The poor finances of the Crown due to wars
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21
Q

Why did Henry have a poor reputation?

A

He often took harsh measures due to his natural suspicion and anxieties about rivals

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22
Q

Why was Henry determined to manage government by himself?

A

He didnt want to delegate too much power to advisers

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23
Q

Why was Henry VII dependent on the nobility?

A

He needed them to maintain law and order in the areas where they held land and estates

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24
Q

Why did Henry VII want to control the nobility?

A
  • They were becoming more powerful and gaining more lands at the expense of the crown
  • They were beginning to build impressive strongholds and to recruit and retain impressive armies (potential rivals to the crown)
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25
Q

What was Henry VII main plan to control the nobility?

A

Henry wanted to reduce the nobilities land, wealth and support without pushing them into open rebellion

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26
Q

What were the 4 ways that Henry VII used to control the nobility?

A
  1. Attainders
  2. Patronage
  3. Attacks on retaining
  4. Financial controls
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27
Q

What were attainders and how did Henry use them to his advantage? (give an example too)

A
  1. Attainders were special laws that allowed Henry to seize the titles and possessions of nobles he suspected of disloyalty/treason
  2. He was prepared to reverse an attainder and restore their lands if he thought he could secure loyalty from them
  3. Sir Thomas Tyrell had to pay 1738 pounds for the reveral of his and his fathers attainders
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28
Q

What was patronage and what did Henry think of it?

A
  • Patronage was when the monarch grants favours to retain peoples support
  • Henry didn’t use patronage as he didnt want nobles gaining too much power. Instead, he gave titles to men lower down the social scale so that the men were depending on Henry for their position and status/were loyal to Henry
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29
Q

What were retainers and how did Henry use them to his advantage? (Give an example)

A
  • Retaining was the practise of keeping men as personal staff/servants e.g. collecting taxes
  • In 1485 and 1504, laws were passed against it. The penalty was 5 pounds per month per illegal trainer
  • Lord Burgavenny was convicted of illegally retaining 471 men and was fined 70,000 pounds
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30
Q

What were financial controls and how did Henry use them to his advantage? (give an example)

A
  • Financial bonds were methods that placed a noble in debt to the Crown, so that they would be loyal in future
  • Henry placed Lord Burgavenny under a bond that allowed him to reay 5000 pounds over 10 years but Lord Burgavenny wasnt allowed to set foot on his family-lands till the debt was settled
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31
Q

What was The Council Learned in Law?

A

A council that controlled all financial matters that related to the Crown

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32
Q

Give 3 examples of how Henry dealt with Local government

A
  1. Henry restored the Council of Wales and staffed it with Welsh nobles under leadership and control of his uncle Jasper Tudor and son, Prince Arthur
  2. Henry left Northumberland under Earl of Suffolk, who had no lands or strong base of support to rival Henry
  3. In England, Henry gave special powers to JP’s e.g. Powers to grant bails
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33
Q

How did Henry deal with National Government?

A
  1. Henry VII only used Parliament to pass laws that the King wanted, and to raise taxes. The king mostly ruled directly though decrees and proclamations
  2. Henry gathered most trusted supporters to give him advice and take on tasks of day-to-day management so most of the power went to Henry and his advisers
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34
Q

How did Henry improve the administration of his finances?

A
  • Established ‘Surveyor of the King’s wards’: Investigated cases of money owed to him from wardships
  • Establised Court of Audit to monitor government spending
  • Developed and improved the sources of his income
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35
Q

Why did Henry want to avoid an aggressive foreign policy?

A

He didnt want to cause a foreign war as they were very expensive

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36
Q

Why did Henry also send money extravagantly?

A

To enhance the image of his kingship

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37
Q

How did Henry use Crown Lands to increase finances

A

(ordinary revenue)

  1. He inherited all lands from Houses of York and Lancaster, Warwick, attainders, escheats (when land returned to King after tenany died without heir) etc
  2. He wasnt includes to grant lands to others so he could maximise his income
  3. In 1485, Used Act of Resumtion to allow him to claim all Crown Lands that were given away since start of Wars of Roses (but used this as more of a threat to nobility)
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38
Q

How did Henry VII use Feudal duels to increase Finances?

A

(ordinary revenue)

  1. Feudal dues: Traditional rights allowing King to demand money as king was ‘sole’ owner of Land
  2. Gained Fuedal dues from:
    - Relief (paid by an heir when he received his inheritance),
    - Marriage (king’s right to arrange marriages of daughters of tenants at a profit
    - Wardship
    - Livery (Payment made by a ward on reaching adulthood and taking control of his lands)
  3. Used them to ensure good behaviour and improve management of wardship revenues e.g. Took control of wardship of 10 year old son (Earl of Northumberland) and also appointed ‘Master of the King’s Wards’ in 1503 to administer wardships
  4. Income from wardship went from 350 pounds to 6000 per year in 1507
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39
Q

How did Henry VII use customs duties to increase Finances?

A

(ordinary revenue)

  1. Customs duties: Paying King on goods entering or leaving the country
  2. Money mainly came from tunnage (imports) and poundage (exports)
  3. Included all of the charges on imports and exports of a range of items, in a book called ‘the Book of Rate’
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40
Q

How did Henry VII use legal dues to increase finances?

A

(ordinary revenue)

  1. Legal dues: Money from fines and other payments made by people appearing before the King’s courts
  2. Payments came from law courts and special courts operated by Royal Council
  3. Henry increased use of fines and attainders to augment his income
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41
Q

How did Henry VIII use Bonds and recognisances to increase finances?

A

(Extraordinary revenue)

- Demanded from those who’s loyalty was suspect so he gained Loyalty and increased finances at the same time

42
Q

How did Henry VII use Loans and benevolences to increase Finances?

A

(Extraordinary revenue)
1 - Loans and Benvolences: King’s right to ask for financial help in particular emergencies
2. Organised by Royal Council
3. Was an irregular source of income; only used when king needed funds e.g for war. (in 1491, he raised 48,000 pounds for war in Brittany)

43
Q

How did Henry VII use Clerical taxes to increase Finances?

A

(Extraordinary revenue)

  1. Clerical taxes: Special taxes which King could levy on the Church
  2. Henry used his right to appoint leading churchmen so that they could raise money by selling offices e.g. 300 pounds for the post of Archdeacon of Buckingham (simony)
44
Q

How did Henry VII use Parliamentary taxes to increase Finances?

A

(Extraordinary revenue)

  1. Parliamentary taxes: Special taxes by parliament to fianncy royal policies such as military action in Europe
  2. Were available when needed but were often unpopular
45
Q

How did Henry VII use Special occasions (form of feudal dues) to increase Finances?

A

(Extraordinary revenue)

  1. Henry VII was entitled to gifts in special occasions
  2. He exploited this source of income fully e.g. he received 30,000 pounds in 1504 when Prince Arthur was knighted
  3. He increased the demands for payments from nobles who tried to save money by not to take on the expense of becoming a knight
46
Q

What was the main reason for rebellions during Henrys reign?

A

The financial demands

47
Q

What caused the Yorkshire Rebellion 1489 and who was killed during it?

A

It was caused by Henry’s attempts to raise money for a Brittany campaign and the Earl of Northumberland was killed during it

48
Q

What caused the Cornish rebellion 1497?

A

Henry’s attempts to raise money by raising taxes, in order to defend the north against possible Scottish invasion, in support of Warbeck

49
Q

What were the key events of Lovell’s rebellion 1486?

A
  • It was led by Yorkist supporters Francis Lovell, Humphrey and Thomas Stafford
  • They had taken sanctuary from Henry at Colchester but emerged from hiding in 1486 to gather troops against him
  • The rebellion quickly collapsed
50
Q

Why was support for pretenders like Warbeck, a threat?

A
  • Because they were used by Yorkists to questions Henrys right to rule and draw loyalty away from him at a time when he was still new to kingship.
  • The weakness of his claim and the recent history of sudden monarch changes made him vulnerable to attack at the start of his reign.
51
Q

Who was Lambert Simnel?

A
  • A Pretender/imposter to the throne who claimed he was the Earl of Warwick (convinced by priest, Richard Symond)
52
Q

What made Simnel a threat?

A
  • appeared in Ireland, which had become a centre for Yorkist support in 1486
  • Had the support of Margeret in the form of 2000 German mercenaries and also support of Earl of Kildare
  • Encourages John De La Pole, earl of lincoln, to join him in Ireland and further his own claims
53
Q

What made Simnel NOT a threat?

A
  • Henry was easily able to prove that he wasnt Earl of Warwick
  • Simnel gained little support in the north (england) so he was easily able to defeat Simnel and hs army at stoke
54
Q

What did Henry gain out of defeating Simnel in the battle of Stoke?

A
  • Lincoln and several Yorkist leaders were killed, whilst Symonds was arrested, so they wouldn’t be able to influence future rebellions
  • Henry pardoned Simnel and offered him work, showing his ability to judge the nature of his enemies, and portraying himself as a ‘merciful’ king
55
Q

How did Henry attempt to build peace with Yorkist leaders?

A

He crowned Elizabeth in november 1487, shortly after the battle of stoke,

56
Q

How did building peace with Yorkist leaders benefit Henry?

A
  • reduced the risk of further Yorkist rebellions against him

- it made it harder for Warbeck to gain support in England

57
Q

How might’ve henry used Warbeck to his advantage?

A
  1. He couldve used him as an excuse to root out potential enemies at court in the purge of 1495
  2. He couldve used him as an excuse to finally get rid of the Earl of Warwick (centre of rebellion)
58
Q

Why was Edmund de La Pole, earl of Suffolk, a threat to Henry?

A
  • He had a claim to the throne
  • He had the support of Maximilian, Holy Roman Emperor
  • There were rumours of Edmund plotting to otherthrow Henry or to alter the succession (when Henry VIII was already Henry’s own male her)
59
Q

How did diplomatic maneouvring help Henry VII, in the case of the Earl of Suffolk?

A
  • Diplomatic maneouvres allowed Henry VII to gain possession of Suffolk on the condition that he would not be killed
  • This meant he could be kept in the Tower of london and weakened the threat from the Earl of Suffolk
60
Q

How do we know that Henry could not feel entirely secure from Yorkist threats until the very end of his reign?

A

The threat of Edmund de la Pole was present during the early 1500’s.

61
Q

Give a list of key dates, outlining the threats and key rebellions against Henry VII from 1485 - 1513

A
  • 1486: Lovells rebellion
  • 1487: Simnel rebellion (battle of stoke)
  • 1489: Yorkshire Rebellion
  • 1491: Perkin Warbeck appearing in Ireland
  • 1494-1495: Conspiracy at court to support yorkist claimant
  • 1495: Warbeck attemps to invade england by landing at Deal in Kent
  • 1496-1497: Raids across english scottish border, in support of Warbeck
  • 1497: Warbeck attempts 3rd invasion and cornish rebellion takes place
  • 1498: Warbeck imprisoned
  • 1499: Edmund de la Pole flees to Burgundy
  • 1502: Edmund de la Pole flees to netherlands, but is returned
  • 1513: Edmund De la Pole executed by Henry VIII
62
Q

Who was Perkin Warbeck?

A

A pretender to the throne that claimed that he was Richard of York, Edward IV’s youngest son

63
Q

What made Warbeck a threat?

A
  • Was initially welcomed and recognised by King Charles VIII (probably to embarrass Henry or to divert him from annexing Brittany)
  • Was welcomed in Burgundy by Margeret and Maximilian
  • was supported by King James IV, who may have been convinced of Warbeck’s claim and James granted him an income of 1200 pounds a year and his own cousin in marriage
64
Q

What made Warbeck not a threat?

A
  • In 1492, Henry made peace with Charles, ending the support for Warbeck
  • Maximilian was too busy with affairs in Italy to offer Warbeck immediate support
  • Henry was able to get rid of Stanley, a potential enemy because of Warbeck
  • Warbeck failed to gain support in Kent in 1495 and in Ireland between the years 1495-1497
  • Scottish raids in support of Warbeck were a disaster and James and Henry made peace so Warbeck had little support left
65
Q

How did the king deal with Warbeck?

A

The king let him remain at court (showing mercy) but when Warbeck tried to escape, he was imprisoned in the tower of London
- Final attempt of escaping led to the execution of Earl of Warwick and Warbeck (got rid of two potential rivals)

66
Q

How was spain created and why was it important to Henry?

A

1- Spain was created by the loose federation between Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille
2- It was important as Henry VII regarded friendship with Spain as a vital counterbalance to French Power i Europe

67
Q

What were key events to do with Spain, during Henry’s reign?

A

1- Treaty of Medina Del Campo 1489

2- Marriage of Prince Arthur to Catherina of Aragon

68
Q

Why did Henry feel that he needed to owe the Duke of Brittany?

A

To show gratitude for sheltering him from the yorkists

69
Q

What were key events to do with Brittany ,during Henry’s reign?

A

Military intervention in Brittany to prevent French annexation

70
Q

Why was Henry suspicious of France?

A

He was suspicious of the revival of French power

71
Q

What were key events to do with France, during Henry’s reign?

A
  1. War against France to prevent the annexation of Brittany

2. English support (but not military action) for anti-French coalitions in the Italian war

72
Q

Why was Burgundy important to Henry?

A

It was a major trading partner of England

73
Q

What were key events to do with Burgundy, during Henry’s reign?

A

1- Margeret of Burgundy’s support for Perkin Warbeck
2- Trade embargo on goods from Flanders
3- Magnus intercurcus trade agreement
4- Malus intercurcus trade agreement

74
Q

Why was Antwerp important to Henry?

A

Antwerp was the most important centre for the cloth trade in Europe and wool was England’s chief export

75
Q

What 2 factors were Henry’s foreign policy dictated by INITIALLY?

A
  1. The circumstances surrounding succession

2. His lack of money

76
Q

Later, What was Henrys focus on foreign policies?

A
  1. Trade
  2. Dynastic expansion
  3. His own succession
77
Q

Why was it important for Henry to gain acceptance of his right to rule from other monarchs, during the first years of his reign?

A

This was important because:

  • rivals might seek shelter and assistance from other countries (as Henry had done in Brittany)
  • but also because favourable words from a foreign ruler might give him more credibility at home.
78
Q

Which countries did Henry build truces with, between the years 1485 and 1492?

A
  • France in 1485
  • Scotland in 1486
  • The Hapsburg Empire (including Netherlands) in 1487
79
Q

What treaty did Henry VII make with Spain?

A

Medina Del Campo 1489 - England and Spain agreed to work together to defend their lands and promised not to make agreements with France without consulting each other first

80
Q

How did both countries benefit from the Medina Del Campo treaty?

A

It set up equal trading rights for merchants from both countries and fixed customs duties which favoured England merchants more

81
Q

Why was Henry at a tricky position when France moved in to absorb Brittany between 1488 and 1492?

A
  • Henry had depended on Brittany during his 14 year exile but he also initially had friendly relations with France initially due to the support from the French court, in taking the crown
  • If he let France annex Brittany, The south coast of England would be in a militarily weaker position, calais would be more vulnerable, and trade could be disrupted.
82
Q

How did Henry deal with France during the Breton crisis?

A
  • He opened negotiations with France whilst at the same time secretly English troops to cross to Brittany to help the Bretons repel the French army
  • Parliament was summoned to make a grant of 100,000 pounds to finance a small force to send to brittany (3000 and 6000 men)
  • Heny made it clear that he was only acting in defence of Brittany
83
Q

Who did Henry ask for help/neutrality from during the Breton crisis?

A

The rules of:

  • The Netherlands
  • North German states
  • The pope
84
Q

How do we know that France was not happy with Henry defending Brittany?

A

France showed its displeasure by receiving Wabeck at court and by sending more troops into Brittany

85
Q

How did Henry end the Breton crisis?

A
  • He took a huge risk and sent 12,000 troops into Brittany.
  • France did not want to focus on repelling the English troops, and wanted to focus on the Italian peninsula
  • Treaty of etaples (1492) meant that Henry’s army would leave Breton in return for 745,000 crowns (payable at rate of 50,000 cowns per year - 5% of kings annual income). Also, France would not support Henry’s enemies
86
Q

What were the downsides of the Breton crisis and Treaty of Etaples (1492) for England?

A
  • England’s army’s did not win any of the main engagements in Brittany
  • At the end of the crisis, France had a level of control over Brittany (annexed in 1532)
  • All of the southern shore, except calais, was in French hands so Henry failed to restore English glories in Europe
87
Q

What was the relationship between England and Scotland like during Henry VII’s reign?

A
  • Henry was afraid that if King James III refused to accept him as king, he could influence Yorkists in the north so he arranged a truce in 1486
  • James III dies only 2 days later and is followed by James IV
  • James IV and nobles were hostile to England and the king himself harboured Warbeck between 1495-1497
  • Truce of Ayton in 1497 matured into a formal peace treaty in 1502
  • Henrys eldest daughter Margeret, marries James IV in 1503 to strengthen ties between countries
88
Q

Why did Henry see trade as important?

A

He saw it as important in order to build up a country’s strength and wealth, especially at the start of 1485, when his position on the throne was precarious

89
Q

How did Henry try to break up the stranglehold of the Hanseatic League?

A

Navigation laws were passed (1485-86) to encourage the use of English ships to carry goods rather than foreign ships. This made the Merchant Adventurers appear powerful

90
Q

What did Henry do to protect Englands Cloth industry?

A

An act was passed in 1489 which limited the export of English wool and made it illegal for foreigners to buy wool for making into cloth, on the continent
- At the end of Henry’s reign, the export of raw wool was 30% lower than it had been in 1485

91
Q

What was the intercurcus magnus?

A

An agreement passed in 1496, that allowed Merchants to trade freely with all parts of Burgundy, including Antwerp, except flanders

92
Q

How do we know that te Cloth industry was very successful in Europe (Give a statistic)

A

By 1509, English merchants were shipping more than half the cloth exported to Europe

93
Q

How was Englands trading relationship with other European cities (other than Europe)?

A

After a period of the Venetian government placing important duties on England, Henry had gained the right for English merchants to trade with the wealthiest state in the West mediterranean - Venice.

94
Q

How do we know that ships and navigation were important to Henry VII?

A
  1. He started to build an English navy
  2. He had a few ships that were of good quality, and were bigger and better equipped than those of his predecessors
  3. He supported the voyages of sailors such as Sebastian Cabot
95
Q

How successful was Henry’s overseas policy on trade?

A

QUITE SUCCESSFUL

  • Customs duties rose at the beginning of his reign but England’s merchants were still only trading small amounts compared with the Hanseatic League (Spain and Venice)
  • It was the encouragement of overseas trade helped secure Henry on the throne ( as it helped consolidate henry’s royal authority)
96
Q

What was the League of Cambrai and how did it affect England?

A

A league set up in 1508 where France, Ferdinand, the archduke Charles and the pope came together against Venice
- This meant that attention was focused away from England, and Henry VII was not seen as a threat

97
Q

How successful was Henry VII’s foreign policy?

A

Overall, he succeeded in gaining security and recognition for the Tudor dynasty after his death but:
- at times, he had to be pragmatic as he had to carefully consider his financial budget

98
Q

How was renewed instability a problem during the end of Henry VII’s reign?

A
  1. Arthur dies in 1502, leaving the prospect of an unclear succession, whilst also disrupting Anglo-Spanish relations (as Arthur married Catherine in 1501)
  2. Elizabeth of York dies, reducing possibility of Yorkist loyalty
99
Q

Give evidence to suggest that the Star Chamber and the Council Learned in Law were resented during Henry’s reign

A
  1. 46 out of 62 nobles families suffered financially

2. In 1509, Edmund Dudley confessed to extracting money (from nobles) illegally in 84 cases

100
Q

How do we know that fuedal rights were enforced much more vigorously at the end of Henry’s reign?

A
  • In 1493, bonds from the nobility brought in 3000 pounds. In 1505, it brought in 35,000 (but could be because of change in chancellor - Sir Reginald Bray to Sir Richard Empson)
101
Q

(1) What did Henry VII achieve at the end of his reign and (2) how did the people view him?`

A
  1. He achieved stability, defeated rivals, controlled the nobles and improved finances
  2. He was more respected than loved
102
Q

Give a quick overview of how Henry VII built up his power (bullet points)

A
  1. Improved Finances
  2. Controlled nobles
  3. Dealt with pretenders
  4. Foreign Policy
  5. Defeated Rebellions
  6. Married Elizabeth of York
  7. Effective Government system
  8. Propoganda to justify taking the throne

1 - History 1485-1603 (1 decks)

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