Section 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
Description and function of plasma cell membranes
The membrane found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells. Made of lipids and proteins
Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell. Receptor molecules on it allows it to respond to hormones.
description and function of the cell wall
rigid structure surrounds plant cells. Mainly made of carbohydrate cellulose.
Supports the plant cells
Description and function of the nucleus
Large organelles surrounded by nuclear envelope contains many pores. Nucleus contains chromatin and nucleolus
Controls cells activities. DNA contains instructions to make proteins. The pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. nucleolus makes ribosomes
Description and function of lysosome
Round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
contains digestive enzymes. Kept separate from the cytoplasm by the membrane. Can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
Description and the function of ribosomes
Very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Made up of proteins and RNA not surrounded by a membrane.
Site where proteins are made.
Description and the function of a rough endoplasmic reticulum
System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface is covered with ribosomes.
folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Description and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum but with no ribosomes.
Synthesises and processes lipids
Description and function of vesicle
Small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane.
Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles. Some are formed by the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum while others are formed at the cell surface
Description and the function of the Golgi apparatus
Group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs. Vesicles often seen at the edges of these sacs.
Processes and packages new lipid and proteins. Also makes lysosomes.
Description and the function of mitochondria
They have a double membrane the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae.
Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Site of a aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy.
Description and the function of chloroplast
Small flattened structure found in a plant cell. Surrounded by a double membrane also has membranes inside called thylakoids membranes.
These membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast to form grana. Grana are linked together by Iamallae
Site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana while other parts happen in the stroma.
Description and function of centrioles
Small hollow cylinders made of microtubules tiny protein cylinders. Found in animal cells only some plant cells.
Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Description and function of cilia
Small hairlike structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. They have an outer membrane and the ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside with two microtubules in the middle.
Microtubules allows the Cilia to move. Movement is used by the cell to move substances along a cell surface.
Description and function of the flagellum
Flagella on eukaryotic cells I like cilia but longer. They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. 9+2 formation.
microtubules contract to make the flagellum the move. Flagella propel sell forward for example sperm cell.
Functions of the cytoskeleton
Microtubules and microfilaments support the cells organelles keeping them in position.
Help to strengthen the cell and maintain its shape.
Responsible for the movement of materials within the cell.
Proteins of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move.
