Section 1 - Basics of Engineering Materials and Properties

Question 1

How is Steel Grouped?

Answer 1

Steel is Grouped by their alloy additives and basic carbon content and from this they can be selected for;
pressure containing
corrosion resistance
and weld ability.

Question 2

What is the standard length of Solid Round Bar?

Answer 2

6 Meters

Question 3

What range of diameter sizes would you expect to find Solid Round Bar in?

Answer 3

<1mm to >100mm.

Question 4

How are very precise shapes and dimensions achieved in the production of Angle, U Beams etc achieved?

Answer 4

Through employing the Hot Rolling Technique.

Question 5

Name 3 Different types of Steel?

Answer 5

Carbon Steel
Alloy Steel
Stainless Steel

Question 6

What happens when you add Chrome and Molybdenum to mild steel?

Answer 6

You get an Alloy which is very strong and performs well in a broad range of temperature from 0 to 250 Degrees.

Question 7

What is the Key contributor to the formation of rust?

Answer 7

Carbon is responsible for Rust

Question 8

How is rust potential reduced?

Answer 8

By replacing Carbon elements with Chrome, Vanadium and/or Nickel.

Question 9

What is a CRA?

Answer 9

CRA stands for Corrosion Resistant Allow

Question 10

How is a CRA Specification Achieved?

Answer 10

All Carbon is removed and replaced by small percentages of Titanium and Copper.

Question 11

What are the main performance specifications of a CRA? Name 3.

Answer 11

Very High Resistance to Corrosion
Pressure Rating of up to 3000 Bar
Temperature range from -25 to 265 Degrees.

Question 12

What is a Cross Over Piece?

Answer 12

This is a piece of material made in the workshop to ensure a similar material weld can be effected.

Question 13

Who Qualifies a Welder to a Particular Weld Procedure?

Answer 13

Lloyds or DNV etc. They issue an identification stamp and this is applied to each weld completed.

Question 14

What are the Common Standards for Steel types? Name 5.

Answer 14

API
ISO
EN
AISI
BP

Question 15

What is NACE compliant steel?

Answer 15

This is steel which is resistant to Hydrogen Embrittlement, and Sulphide Stress Cracking - this is used in High Pressure/Temperature Components.

Question 16

What duty would you expect to see Natural Rubbers used?

Answer 16

For Sealing for waterproofing and/or soft surfacing.

Question 17

Why are natural rubbers only suited to Low Duty use?

Answer 17

They will degrade over a fairly short period of time and will perish in UV conditions.

Question 18

How can rubber compound be adjusted to overcome its light duty nature?

Answer 18

By using Vulcanisation.

Question 19

What is the Vulcanisation process?

Answer 19

The addition of Suplhur and the mixing, rolling and heating of ingredients that are formed in sheets, seals and protection materials.

Question 20

How is Rubber Hardness calculated?

Answer 20

On the Shore Hardness Scale - 10 - 100 Shore

Question 21

What is the range of Shore Hardness on which rubber hardness is measured?

Answer 21

10 - 100 Shore

Question 22

As a well gets deeper, what can be said of the BoP RAM seals?

Answer 22

They get harded and more heat resistant.

Question 23

When drilling fluid takes on a greater Diesel content, what must happen to Wiper rings?

Answer 23

The seal material must change to ensure its resistant to the new fluid.

Question 24

What can PTFE be combined with to produce a high duty material?

Answer 24

Glass or Carbon Fibre.

Question 25

When would you see specialist Elastomer seals used?

Answer 25

When pressure containing parts go above 180 Degrees.

Question 26

Name 2 of the specialist Elastomer types?

Answer 26

Alfas and Kalrez

Question 27

What is a composite?

Answer 27

A composite is an Amalgam of high tech fibres and multi part resins. They are very strong and incredibly heat resistant.