Section 1: Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerves have their nucleus is the midbrain?

A

III, IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what means “upper, closer to head”

A

rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is caudal

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ventral means towards the

A

front of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dorsal means towards the

A

back of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 parts of the brainstem from top to bottom

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two pairs of bumps on the dorsal side of the midbrain

A

-superior and inferior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which colliculus on the midbrain is the gate for horizontal and vertical saccades?

A

superior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what functions does the inferior colliculus do?

A

auditory functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is important about the superior colliculus?

A
  • visual processing center
  • generation of saccadic eye movements and eye-head coordination
  • input from frontal fields
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cranial nerve nuclei are in the pons?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what cranial nerve nuclei are in the medulla?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is located on the dorsal side of the medulla?

A

the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is located below the medulla?

A

the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is “Wallenberg syndrome”?

also called dorsolateral medullary syndrome

A

-ipsilateral Horner’s
-contralateral hypertropia (skew deviation)
-torsional nystagmus
-hoarseness, difficulty swallowing
-ataxia
(caused by vertebral artery disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 specific areas involved in eye movements

A
  • MLF
  • riMLF
  • PPRF
17
Q

MLF=

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

18
Q

the MLF is a bundle of fibers which controls:

A

vestibular function and eye movements

19
Q

what nuclei are integrated by the MLF?

A
  • oculomotor
  • trochlear
  • abducens
20
Q

where is the MLF located specifically?

A
  • ventral to the 4th ventricle and extends from rostral midbrain to the rostral medulla
  • lies lateral to the oculomotor nuclei and medial to abducens nuclei
21
Q

riMLF stands for what?

A

rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF

22
Q

what is the riMLF area important for?

A

vertical saccadic eye movements

23
Q

what does the riMLF connect?

A

the 3rd nerve nuclei via the posterior commisure

24
Q

PPRF stands for

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation

25
Q

what is the PPRF important for?

A

its an area in the pons which controls horizontal conjugate gaze and saccadic eye movements
(referred to as the horizontal gaze center)

26
Q

where is the PPRF relative to the MLF?

A

PPRF is ventral to the MLF

27
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid which is produced in the:

A

choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles

28
Q

describe the path CSF flows

A

into the lateral ventricles -> inter ventricular foramina -> third ventricle -> sylvan aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> 3 forming -> subarachnoid space -> drained by the arachnoid villi in the superior sagittal sinus

29
Q

within the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord are expanded areas called

A

cisterns

30
Q

where are spinal taps performed

A

one area in particular that is between L2 and S2 called the lumbar cistern

31
Q

what are some examples of the clinical significance of CSF?

A
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage will result in blood in the CSF

- meningitis will result in pus in the CSF

32
Q

ICP: increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure can result in

A

papilledema

ICP >200-250 mmH20