Section 1 Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Functions of a skeleton

Question 2

Support/Shape

Answer 2

Supports the soft tissues like skin and muscles.
Our shape is mainly due to the skeleton.

Question 3

Protection

Answer 3

Protects the vital organs like the brain, heart and lungs.

Question 4

Movement

Answer 4

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons which can move bones at joints.

Question 5

Making blood cells

Answer 5

Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells which allows more oxygen to muscles.

Question 6

Mineral storage

Answer 6

Minerals such as calcium help strengthen bones and is needed for muscle contractions.

Question 7

Types of bones

Question 8

Flat bones

Answer 8

Example is the ribs and the cranium
protect internal organs.

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

Example is the humerus and the femur
larger gross movements.

Question 10

Short bones

Answer 10

Example is the carpals and tarsals
smaller fine movements.

Question 11

Other bones

Answer 11

irregular bone
vertebrae protects the spinal chord.
Sesamoid bone
patella.

Question 12

Tendon

Answer 12

muscle to bone

Question 13

Ligament

Answer 13

bone to bone

Question 14

Joint

Answer 14

where two bones meet

Question 15

Articulating bones
Examples

Answer 15

bones that meet at a joint to enable movement.

Question 16

Shoulder

Answer 16

scapula
clavicle
humerus

Question 17

Hip

Answer 17

pelvis
femur

Question 18

Knee

Answer 18

femur
fibula
tibia

Question 19

Ankle

Answer 19

tibia
fibula
talus

Question 20

Elbow

Answer 20

humerus
radius
ulna

Question 21

Synovial Joints

Question 22

Synovial joint

Answer 22

an area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet.

Question 23

Ball and socket
Shoulder and Hip joints

Answer 23

type of synovial joint
can move away from the body
towards the body
can rotate

Question 24

Hinge joint
Elbow knee ankle

Answer 24

type of synovial joint
can move in one direction towards and away from the body.

Question 25

Structure of a synovial joint

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

prevents bones rubbing causing friction.

Question 27

Synovial fluid

Answer 27

lubricates the joint to stop frictions of bones

Question 28

Ligament

Answer 28

keeps joint stable by restricting movement.

Question 29

Joint capsule

Answer 29

Stops synovial fluid from escaping
Holds bones together

Question 30

Bursae

Answer 30

sac filled liquid which floats in the joint to reduce friction between tendons and bones

Question 31

Synovial membrane

Answer 31

the lining inside the joint capsule
releases synovial fluid

Question 32

Types of movement

Question 33

Plantar flexion

Answer 33

the action of pointing toes away from the body
Example pointing toes in gymnastics

Question 34

Dorsi flexion

Answer 34

the pointing of toes towards the body
Example