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Biology Ch14 > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karotype?
A.2
B.23
C.44
D.46
A

D.46

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2
Q 
Which of the following are shown in a karotype?
A. Homologous chromosomes 
B.Sex Chromosomes
C.autosomes 
D.all of the above
A

D. All of the above

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3
Q 
Which of the following can be observed in a Karotype? 
A. A change in a DNA base 
B. an extra chromosome 
C.genes
D.alleles
A

B. an extra chromosome

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4
Q 
In humans, a male only has....
A. One X chromosome only 
B. two X chromosomes 
C. One X chromosome and one Y chromosome 
D. Two Y chromosome
A

C.One X chromosome and one Y chromosome

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5
Q 
Human females produce egg cells that have....
A. One X chromosome
B. Two X chromosomes 
C. One X or one Y chromosome
D. One X and one Y chromosome
A

A. One X chromosome

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6
Q 
What is the probability that a human offspring will be female?
A.10%
B.25%
C.50%
D.75%
A

C.50%

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7
Q 
What percent of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
A.0%
B.25%
C.50%
D.100%
A

C.50%

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8
Q

A human female inherits

a. one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.
b. twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits.
c. one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome.
d. all of the same genes that a human male inherits.

A

a.one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.

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9
Q

In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)

a. male
b. female.
c. child.
d. adult.

A

b.female.

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10
Q

A pedigree can be used to

a. determine whether a trait is inherited.
b. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c. determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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11
Q

Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?

a. All of the symbols are unshaded.
b. All of the symbols are shaded.
c. All of the symbols are squares.
d. About half of the symbols are circles.

A

c. All of the symbols are squares.

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12
Q

Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?

a. Huntington’s disease
b. PKU
c. Tay-Sachs disease
d. none of the above

A

a.Huntington’s disease

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13
Q

Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?

a. Rh blood group
b. ABO blood group
c. PKU
d. Huntington’s disease

A

b.ABO blood group

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14
Q

A person who has PKU

a. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent.
b. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents.
c. is heterozygous for the trait.
d. will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her offspring.

A

b.inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents.

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15
Q

Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?

a. IAIA and IAIB
b. IBIB and IBi
c. IBIB and IAIB
d. IBi and ii

A

b.IBIB and IBi

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16
Q

If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring’s blood type?

a. AB or O
b. A, B, or O
c. A, B, AB, or O
d. AB only

A

c.A, B, AB, or O

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17
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. A person with Huntington’s disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or her offspring.
b. A person with Huntington’s disease might be homozygous for the disease.
c. Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele.
d. A person who inherits one allele for Huntington’s disease will develop the disease.

A

c.Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele.

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18
Q

Sickle cell disease is caused by a

a. change in one DNA base.
b. change in the size of a chromosome.
c. change in two genes.
d. change in the number of chromosomes in a cell.

A

a.change in one DNA base.

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19
Q

In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to

a. become less soluble.
b. fold improperly.
c. destroy the cell membrane.
d. transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions.

A

b.fold improperly.

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20
Q

Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease

a. is longer.
b. is shorter.
c. has a different sequence of amino acids.
d. is wider.

A

c.has a different sequence of amino acids.

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21
Q

Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?

a. missing codon in mRNA
b. shorter CFTR polypeptide chain
c. point mutation
d. absence of CFTR in cell membrane

A

c.point mutation

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22
Q

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because

a. they are resistant to malaria.
b. they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
c. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickle shaped.
d. they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin.

A

b.they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.

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23
Q

What are multiple alleles?

a. more than two genes that control a trait
b. three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
c. three or more chromosomes that determine a trait
d. more than two codominant genes in a chromosome

A

b.three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait

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24
Q

Why does height in humans have such a wide variety of phenotypes?

a. Height is controlled by at least four genes.
b. The gene for height has only two alleles.
c. Height is controlled by sex-linked genes.
d. Height is controlled by a recessive allele.

A

a.Height is controlled by at least four genes.

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25
Q 
What controls variations in skin color among humans?
A.a person’s diet
B.many genes
C.multiple alleles of a single gene
D.two alleles of a single gene
A

B.many genes

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26
Q

Which of these human traits is altered by variations in environment?

a. hairline
b. height
c. smile dimples
d. blood type

A

b.height

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27
Q

What factors can affect a person’s height?

a. genes only
b. both genes and environmental factors
c. a person’s blood type
d. a person’s karyotype

A

b.both genes and environmental factors

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28
Q

Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?

a. XX
b. YY
c. XY
d. either XX or YY

A

c.XY

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29
Q

How does a geneticist use pedigrees?

a. to create genetic crosses
b. to replicate identical strings of DNA
c. to prove that sex-linked traits are caused by codominant alleles
d. to trace the inheritance of traits in humans

A

d.to trace the inheritance of traits in humans

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30
Q

What is a pedigree?

a. a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
b. a geneticist who studies the inheritance of traits in humans
c. a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell
d. an allele passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome

A

a.a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

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31
Q

Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?

a. hemophilia
b. Down syndrome
c. cystic fibrosis
d. sickle-cell disease

A

c.cystic fibrosis

32
Q

What is a karyotype?

a. a sex-linked genetic disorder
b. a picture of a baby before it is born
c. a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
d. fluid that surrounds a baby before it is born

A

c.a picture of the chromosomes in a cell

33
Q

What would be the best way to predict the probability of a baby having cystic fibrosis?

a. by studying the parents’ karyotypes
b. by studying the family’s pedigree chart
c. by exploring new methods of genetic engineering
d. by determining whether the parents have codominant alleles

A

b.by studying the family’s pedigree chart

34
Q

Both parents of a child have type A blood. What might their child’s blood type be?

a. Type A only
b. Type A or type B
c. Type A or type O
d. Type A or type AB

A

c.Type A or type O

35
Q

A carrier is a person who has

a. one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait.
b. two recessive alleles for a trait.
c. two dominant alleles for a trait.
d. more than two alleles for a trait.

A

a.one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait.

36
Q

What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells?

a. hemophilia
b. Down syndrome
c. cystic fibrosis
d. sickle-cell disease

A

d.sickle-cell disease

37
Q

Many characteristics are affected by interactions between genes and

a. chromosomes.
b. the environment.
c. alleles.
d. carriers.

A

b.the environment.

38
Q

In a human karyotype, 44 of the chromosomes are (autosomes).

True/False

A

True

39
Q

Even if a gene has multiple alleles, a person cannot have more than (three) of those alleles. True/False

A

False, two

40
Q

Traits that have many different phenotypes, such as height and skin color, are often controlled by a single gene. True/False

A

False, many genes

41
Q

A male is represented by a square in a pedigree. True/False

A

True

42
Q

A genetic disorder in which an abnormal form of hemoglobin is produced is hemophilia True/False

A

False,sickle-cell disease

43
Q

A doctor can look at the chromosomes of a cell in a karyotype. True/False

A

True

44
Q

A(An) ____________________ can be used to determine whether a person has inherited the normal number of chromosomes.

A

Karyotype

45
Q

In humans, sex is determined by the X and ____________________ chromosomes.

A

Y

46
Q

If a couple has five boys, the probability that the next child will be a boy is ____________________.

A

50%

47
Q

A(An) ____________________ is a diagram that follows the inheritance of a single gene through several generations of a family.

A

pedigree

48
Q

A person who has ____________________ is unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine.

A

PKU

49
Q

The alleles IA and ____________________ for the ABO blood group are codominant.

A

IB

50
Q

A person who has blood type O can receive a blood transfusion only from a person who has blood type ____________________.

A

O

51
Q

People who have sickle cell disease inherited _________________ _ copies of the sickle cell allele.

A

two

52
Q

The three alleles on the single gene that controls blood type are said to be ____________________ alleles.

A

multiple

53
Q

When many genes control a trait, the trait will show a large number of ____________________.

A

phenotypes

54
Q

Improvements in ____________________ can alter the effects of genes on height.

A

diet

55
Q

A person’s surroundings, or ____________________, can change the effects of a person’s genes.

A

environment

56
Q

An egg that is fertilized by a sperm cell with a(n) ____________________ chromosome will develop into a female.

A

X

57
Q

A carrier is a person who has one ____________________ allele for a trait.

A

recessive

58
Q

A(n) ____________________ is used to track the occurrence of a trait in a family.

A

pedigree

59
Q

People who have the genetic disorder called ____________________ suffer from abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood.

A

Sickle-Cell Disease

60
Q

A person who has the genetic disorder called ____________________ bleeds easily.

A

Hemophilia

61
Q

A karyotype can be used to diagnose the genetic disorder called ____________________.

A

Down Syndrome

62
Q

A gene is said to have multiple alleles if it has more than ____________________ alleles.

A

two

63
Q

A karyotype can be used to determine the number of ____________________ in a person’s cells.

A

chromosomes

64
Q

Two parents who have Huntington’s disease may produce an offspring who does not have the disease. True/False

A

True

65
Q

In humans, the mother determines the sex of the offspring. True/False

A

False

66
Q

In a pedigree, if a mother is represented by a shaded circle and a father is represented by a shaded square, and the disorder is caused by a recessive allele, their children cannont be represented by half-shaded circles or squares. True/False

A

True

67
Q

If a person has blood type A, he or she cannot receive a blood transfusion from a person with blood type O. True/False

A

False

68
Q

A pedigree showing the inheritance of Huntington’s disease within a family would not show any half-shaded symbols. True/False

A

True

69
Q
  • protein will not carry chloride ions across the membrane
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

j. Cystic Fibrosis

70
Q
  • causes eye and liver damage
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

h. Galactosemia

71
Q
  • can be placed on a special diet to prevent most effects of the disorder
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

f. Phenylketonuria

72
Q
  • lipid accumulation in brain cells
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

d. Tay-Sachs disease

73
Q
  • excess cholesterol in the blood
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

c. Hypercholesterolemia

74
Q
  • produces physical weakness and damage to brain, heart, and spleen
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

e. Sickle cell disease

75
Q
  • 1 out of 100 females are born with this disorder
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

g. Colorblindness

76
Q
  • 1 out of 3000 males are born with this disorder
    a. Huntington’s disease
    b. Achondroplasia
    c. Hypercholesterolemia
    d. Tay-Sachs disease
    e. Sickle cell disease
    f. Phenylketonuria
    g. Colorblindness
    h. Galactosemia
    i. Hemophilia
    j. Cystic Fibrosis
    k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    l. Albinism
A

k. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Biology Ch14 (3 decks)

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