Section 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 stages in the process of addiction? (7 - 10)
Stage 1: Experimental and Social Use of Drugs and Alcohol
Stage 2: Abuse
Stage 3: Dependency/Addiction
There are 11 criteria that use to measure a substance use disorder. How many are needed for a mild diagnosis? (11)
2-3
There are 11 criteria that use to measure a substance use disorder. How many are needed for a moderate diagnosis? (11)
4-5
There are 11 criteria that use to measure a substance use disorder. How many are needed for a severe diagnosis? (11)
6+
What are the 5 critical components of effective treatment? (13)
- Assessment
- Patient Treatment Matching
- Comprehensive services
- Relapse Prevention
- Accountability
What are the 2 basic treatment approaches for substance abuse? (23)
Pharmacological modalities, which affect physiological processes (detox).
Behavioral modalities, which influence behavior and learning processes.
What is sensory reception? (25)
Sensory reception - some type of stimuli is detected either from outside or within the body
What is “interconnection” in relation to the neurobiology of addiction? (25)
interconnection - the stimuli creates an electrical message that is then transmitted from one part of the system to another
What is the motor response? (25)
motor response - an appropriate response is triggered, such as a muscular contraction, as a result of a message being sent back to a body part by a nerve center
What are the 3 major structures of the nervous system? (25)
the brain
the spinal cord
peripheral nerves
Psychoactive drugs have the greatest effect on what major structure of the nervous system? (25)
central nervous system (CNS) - the brain and the spinal cord
What effect do depressant drugs have on the CNS system? (27)
Depressant drugs tend to thicken the medium, thus slowing down the transmission.
What effect do stimulant drugs have on the CNS system? (27)
Stimulant drugs tend to thin the medium, thus causing a more rapid transmission.
What effect can marijuana have on the CNS? (27)
Marijuana have been found to actually fill the gap, thus preventing the transmission from occurring
Medulla Oblongata (33)
controls the vital centers of the brain - breathing, blood pressure, heart rate,contraction of heart musculature, function of the gastrointestinal tract, sleeping and waking.
Midbrain (33)
control visual and auditory reflex as well as head movement. Psychedelic drugs work here to create visual or auditory hallucinations
Cerebellum (33)
serves as a reflex center, coordinating and integrating skeletal muscle movements.
When depressed by psychoactive drugs, especially by alcohol intoxication, there is a loss of muscle coordination, staggering and loss of balance.
Limbic System (34)
It functions in the regulation of emotions, including fear, anger, pleasure and sorrow.
Many tranquilizing drugs, especially Librium and Valium, depress the limbic system at doses far below the does that depresses other brain functions.
True or False
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. (37)
True
Approximately what percentage of the drinking population is dependent on alcohol? (38)
estimated 10%
What is the approximate alcohol content of a standard beer, wine, and mixed drink? (40)
1-12oz can of beer - 4% alcohol content
1 -4oz glass of wine - 12% alcohol content
1 mixed drink containing 1 1/4oz - 40% liquor (80 proof)
Define alcohol use. (41)
the consumption of beverage alcohol within some socially prescribed or ritualistic context.
Define alcohol misuse. (41)
unintentional or inappropriate use of beverage alcohol resulting n the impaired physical, mental, emotional or social well being of the user.
Define alcohol abuse (41)
deliberate or unintentional use of beverage alcohol which results in any degree of physical, mental, emotional, or social impairment of the user, the user’s family, or society in general.
Define alcohol dependence (42)
psychological and/or physical need for beverage alcohol -characterized by compulsive use, tolerance, and physical dependence manifest by withdrawal syndrome.
What % of alcohol is absorbed through the walls of the stomach? (47)
20%
What effect do anger, fear, stress, fatigue, sweet mixed drinks and drinking on a full stomach have on the body when drinking alcohol? (47)
delay alcohol absorption in the stomach, may mean that the peak BAC won’t be reached for several hours.
What effect do happiness excitement, rate of alcohol consumption and carbonated/sparkling beverages have on the body when consuming alcohol? (48)
speeds up the process of absorption
Why do women’s BAC raise to .03 per drink instead of .02 like males? (48)
Women have more adipos (fatty tissue) and less muscle (water) tissue, generally achieve higher BAC’s and a greater level of intoxication.
Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants or stimulants? (68)
depressants
What are some medical uses for Barbiturates? (68)
treat anxiety, induce sleep, and control seizures.
Intoxication with Barbiturates are similar to what other drug? (69)
alcohol
What is the difference between a minor tranquilizer and a major tranquilizer? (70)
Minor tranquilizers function more like sedative-hypnotics and are useful in treating anxiety and neurotic conditions.
Major tranquilizers are often known as “antipsychotic” drugs because they relieve symptoms of a psychotic nature.
What are narcotics? (76)
Narcotics are derived from naturally occurring substances, and can also be manufactured synthetically.
True or False
LSD is one of the most potent drugs known (107)
true
True or False
LSD cannot be absorbed into the system through the skin.
False
LSD is one of the few drugs that can be absorbed into the system directly through the skin
What drug is called “ice”?(137)
“Ice” is a smokable form of methamphetamine
What is crack cocaine? (145)
Crack is a more potent form of cocaine
What are some of the medical/biological causes of substance abuse? (155)
genetic causes brain reward mechanisms altered brain mechanisms altered brain chemistry self-medication
What drug is meant to replace abused narcotic drugs and prevents the physical withdrawal symptoms experienced by opiate addicts? (156)
methadone
What are some symptoms a person might experience if going through withdrawal? (161)
eating and sleep disturbances tremors sweats clouding of the sensorium hallucinations and agitation elevated temperature change in pulse rate convulsions
