Section 1

Question 1

Scientists, including biologists, use —- to observe the

natural world and arrive at reasonable explanations of how the world works

Answer 1

objective problem solving

Question 2

Being
- means that researchers should not be biased or influenced by someone’s
personal beliefs, feelings or opinions.

Answer 2

Objective

Question 3

Scientific processes can be used to study

phenomena that can be …

Answer 3

observed and measured

Question 4

The process of scientific inquiry follows a basic pattern, or series of steps:

1) Make -;
2) Come up with -
3) Make -
4) -;
5) -.
6) Let other-

Answer 4

1) Make observations;
2) Come up with possible explanation (hypothesis);
3) Make predictions based on a hypothesis;
4) Test predictions of the hypothesis in an experiment;
5) Decide if results of the test allow you to eliminate (reject) the hypothesis or
accept the hypothesis or revise the hypothesis.
6) Let other scientists know about your results.

Question 5

So, science often involves a —scientists eliminate the
explanations which they can show are not valid and keep the others open for further
consideration.

Answer 5

process of elimination

Question 6

In order to reject a hypothesis, it has to be -

Answer 6

tested

Question 7

Predictions can be made from hypotheses using- to formulate an “if…then” statement: “If (fill in a hypothesis) is correct, then
when we do this test we should see these results.

Answer 7

deductive reasoning

Question 8

In many scientific situations, hypotheses are tested in— (tests
that can be accurately repeated).

Answer 8

controlled experiments

Question 9

Each controlled experiment looks at the effect of just
one variable (the ---) on some event or condition (the ---).

Answer 9

independent variable

dependent variable

Question 10

In all scientific studies, the major underlying
assumption is that the— is causing some measurable change
in the dependent variable.

Answer 10

independent variable

Question 11

In a controlled experiment, all variables are kept the same except the one that is being
tested. Unless we use sophisticated experimental design and statistical methods, we
can only test— independent variables at a time.

Answer 11

one

Question 12

Experiments are generally performed on relatively small groups of organisms or objects.
The groups are called —

Answer 12

samples

Question 13

The
individuals in the sample are usually split into an experimental group and a control
group. The independent variable is manipulated (see below) in the —
but not in the control group.

Answer 13

experimental group

Question 14

Changes in the dependent variable are measured in both experimental and control
groups during or after the experiment. Measurements of these changes are called —

Answer 14

data

Question 15

For a given observation, many hypotheses may be tested over a period of years,
decades or even centuries. Many, most, or all of the hypotheses may be rejected. But
if a hypothesis is not rejected despite —, it is called a scientific theory.

Answer 15

testing over a long period of time by hundreds of

scientists

Question 16

The value of scientific theories is that they can be used to tie together facts in a
— or to identify the — underlying complex natural patterns.

Answer 16

coherent pattern

principles

Question 17

But the main value of the theory of
evolution is that we can use it to make —-about species or events that have
not yet been studied.

Answer 17

predictions