Section 1 Flashcards
What is a form 8-K? When is it filed?
Current report filed with the SEC; generally required to report material events that impact a public company to shareholders; filed within 4 days of event triggering report Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) is reported here.
What is a 10-Q? What is included?
Quarterly report; contains UNAUDITED financials, MD&A, and disclosures about market risk and controls; use to calculate LTM; does NOT contain holdings of large shareholders
What is a form 10-K? What is included?
Annual report; contains AUDITED financials; MD&A; company informatoin, outstanding shares, and holdings of large shareholders
What defines an investor with “beneficial ownership”
Directors, officers, or any principal stockholder who owns 10% of more of any class of the company’s registered securities (note, this does not include an entity that holds securities for the benefit of a third party such as a broker-dealer); note that ownership of 5% or more triggers 13D / 13G
What are the two SEC rules and forms for beneficial ownership reports? What are the differences?
Rule 13D / Form 13D - Filed only if a beneficial owner of 5% or more of voting class of securities; interested in influencing control over the issuer; gives issuer advance notice; includes source of funds, # of shares owned, and background information; must be filed within 10 days of acquiring the stock Rule 13G / Form 13G - shorter, less burdensome; allowed for INSTITUTIONAL or PASSIVE investors, who do not intend to affect control of the issuer; does not include source of funds
When must a Form 13D be filed?
Within 10 days of acquiring the stock
What is Rule 13F / Form 13F?
Requires institutional investment managers to file a Form 13F, if they exercise discretion over $100mm or more of assets; foreign money managers must also file
Due 45 days after the CLOSE of the calendar year in which the $100mm threshold is reached
When must a Form 13F be filed?
Within 45 days after the CLOSE of the calendar year in which the $100mm of assets under management threshold is reached
When must a 10-K be filed?
Between 60 to 90 days after the company’s fiscal year end
When must a 10-Q be filed?
Between 40 to 45 days after the end of the company’s first three fiscal quarters
Which SEC filing should you use to identify the holdings of large shareholders?
10-K, Schedule 14A, or Schedule 13D/13G
When must an 8-K be filed?
Within 4 days of the event triggering the report
What is SEC Schedule 14A?
Form that discloses information about issues on which shareholders are expected to vote by proxy; sent to shareholders in advance of shareholder meeting and filed with SEC
When must a Schedule 14A be sent to shareholders?
Sent to shareholders and SEC in advance of the shareholders meeting where shareholders are required to vote by proxy
What is a Form / Schedule 13D?
Form filed by a beneficial owner of 5% or more of voting class of securities; interested in influencing control over the issuer; gives issuer advance notice; includes source of funds, # of shares owned, and background information; must be filed within 10 days of acquiring the stock
What is deemed a large shareholder and is disclosed on the 10-K or 14A?
owning 5% or more of voting class stock
What is an “accelerated filer” and when must they file their 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K?
An accelerated filer is a company that has been reporting for over ONE YEAR and has public float greater than $75mm and less than $700mm.
10-K: Must file within 75 days of fiscal year end
10-Q: Must file within 40 days of fiscal quarter end
8-K: Must file within 4 days of triggering event
When must a regular filer file their 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K?
10-K: Within 90 days of fiscal year end
10-Q: Within 45 days of fiscal quarter end
8-K: Must file within 4 days of triggering event
What is a “large accelerated filer” and when must they file their 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K?
A large accelerated filer is a company that has been reporting for over ONE YEAR and has public float of $700mm or more
10-K: Within 60 days of fiscal year end
10-Q: Within 40 days of fiscal quarter end
8-K: Must file within 4 days of triggering event
What is Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure)?
SEC regulation passed in 2000; prohibits public companies from selectively disclosing material, non-public information to some investors but not others; if non-public information is shared, it must be disseminated publicly through “broad, non-exclusionary” distribution methods (e.g. 8-K, press release, conference call)
What methods are deemed “broad and non-exclusionary” under the SEC’s Regulation FD?
- Press release on approved wire service
- Conference call open to the public (if adequate notice is given)
- Filing an 8-K
- Posting on website (SEC does not deem it an adequate method of disclosure by itself)
Under Regulation FD, when must a company inform the public of non-public information that has been shared?
If it is UNINTENTIONAL, within 24 hours or by start of next trading session
If it is INTENTIONAL, disclosed publicly at the same time it is disclosed to selected investors
Under rule 13d-1, what is deemed a “material change” in ownership and requires investor to file an amended schedule 13d?
More than 1% of the clss of securities owned
When must non-institutional investors, who qualify to file 13-G file the form with the SEC?
Within 10 days of the equities purchase; must not own 20% or more of the company’s stock
What is not reported on a Form 13F?
Open-end securities, mutual funds, non-equity holdings such as bonds, and short positions
What is a proxy statement? and when is it used?
Filed with SEC using Schedule 14-A
Used when company must disclose material public information about issues on which shareholders are expected to vote such as,
1. proposed members of board of directors and proposed compensation
2. Expected shareholder resolution
3. Updated count of shares issued / outstanding
4. Proposed merger terms such as transaction terms, rationale for any fairness opinion, and financial information regarding transaction
Which filing will contain information about a proposed merger or tender offer?
Schedule 14-A
Beneficial owners of more than 10% of any class of a company’s registered stock must file which forms?
Beneficial ownership reports of insiders: Forms 3, 4, and 5
Form 3: Initial statement of beneficial ownership
Form 4: Discloses changes in beneficial ownership
Form 5: Annual statement of changes
What is a Beneficial Ownership Reports of Insiders Form 3? When must it be filed?
Initial statement of beneficial ownership; insider must file within 10 days of becoming a director, officer, or more than 10% beneficial owner of the issuer
What is a Beneficial Ownership Reports of Insiders Form 4? When must it be filed?
Discloses any changes in the beneficial owner’s ownership of securities in the company; must file Form 4 within 2 business days after any transaction resulting in a change of ownership
What is a Beneficial Ownership Reports of Insiders Form 5? When must it be filed?
Annual statement of changes in beneficial ownership; summary of transactions reports on Beneficial Ownership of Insiders Forms 3 and 4
Must be filed within 45 days of the end of the company’s fiscal year
Beneficial Ownership Reports of Insiders are covered by which SEC rule?
Rule 16a
What is the purpose of NASD Rule 2711?
To promote investor confidence by separating the functions of the investment banker from the trader and researcher; prohibits a research analyst from attending a bake-off / pitch or participating in the solicitation of investment banking business
What is NASD Rule 2711(j) / NYSE Rule 472(g)(2)?
Prohibits retaliation against research analysts, particularly against research analysts who write unfavorable reports that may jeopardize broker-dealer/investment banker relationships
Under NYSE Rule 472(b)(1-3), what is the investment bank allowed to do PRIOR to the research department publishing a research report?
Research analyst is PROHIBITED from submitting a research report to the investment banking division prior to publishing; analysts may communicate with and verify facts with the investment banking personnel, but must gain approval from Legal / Compliance prior to submitting any factual sections to investment banking personnel
What is NASD Rule 2711(b) / NYSE Rule 472(b)?
Prohibits anyone who works in a firm’s investment banking department or who is engaged in investment banking activities from supervising and exercising control over a research analyst or their compensation / evaluations
Corporate tax rate
Annual tax on taxable incomes of corporations
Marginal tax rate
Tax rate on the last dollar earned
Effective tax rate
Actual tax rate paid; = income taxes paid / net taxable income before taxes
What are the three sections of the cash flow statement? What are found in each?
Operating: Net Income, working Capital, D&A
Investing: purchase and sale of marketable securities, long-term investments, and capital investments / expenditures (e.g. PP&E)
Financing: Raising capital via debt/equity, dividend payments, treasury stock, retained earnings, notes / bonds payable
Treasury stock method
Fully diluted shares = (Total Shares if all options / warrants are exercised) - [(# of in-the-money options/warrants) x Weighted average strike price per share) / price per share]
Earnings per Share
EPS = (Net Income - Dividends to Preferred Shareholders) / Shares Outstanding
Return on Equity
ROE = Net income / shareholders’ equity
Total Enterprise Value
Market Capitalization of Common Stock \+ Debt \+ Market Value of Preferred Stock \+ Value of minority interests - cash / cash equivalents
Price to Book Value
Market capitalization / book value
BV = Total assets less intangibles - Total liabilities
Dividend Yield
Annual dividend / Current Share Price
**Shows how much of the dividend the investor will receive proportionate to the stock price (high yield insulates a security from volatility)
Price to Earnings Ratio
P/E = Stock Price / EPS
Higher P/E ratios indicate that investors are expecting higher future earnings growth and are willing to pay more (e.g. growth stocks)
What is beta?
Measure of the risk of a security compared to the overall market; Beta = 1, means that the stock as the same volatility as the market; Beta > 1, means the stock has greater volatility than the market (more aggressive); Beta > 1 is conservative and less volatile than the market
What is the formula for WACC?
WACC = (Cost of debt x (1 - Marginal Tax rate) x %Debt)+
+ ((Risk-free rate + (Beta + Risk premium) x %Equity)
What is the formula for Cost of Equity (CAPM)?
Cost of Equity = Risk-free rate + (Beta * Risk premium)
**Risk premium = Exp. market return minus risk-free rate
What is the risk-free rate of return?
Expected rate of return of investing in U.S. treasuries or risk-free investments