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SHOPS > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the control zone for HMC Ships at sea? (2)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
A cylindrical airspace centered over Canadian ships that extends vertically up to 3500 ft ASL and out to a radius of ½ NM.

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2
Q
  1. Define in detail DELTA HOVER ASTERN. (3)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
A helicopter hovering position normally oriented into wind, close to the ship’s port/stbd quarter.

REF. 3-2-1. 3205.
- During night or under IMC, Delta Hover Astern shall not be order without the aircraft captain’s approval and the ship established on the flying course.
- Delta Hover Aster may be ordered by the LSO when the ship is 90 degrees of the flying course.

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3
Q

Which portion of control is the SAC responsible for according to SHOPs? The LSO? (2)

A

REF. 3-1-3. 3103.
- The SAC is responsible for all air control from the time the helicopter is clear of the ship until it returns to the ship and control has been passed to the LSO.
- The LSO is responsible for all flight deck and departure operations until the helicopter is clear of the ship. On recovery, the LSO will take control when they and the approaching helicopter are mutually visual.

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4
Q
  1. Name the duties and responsibilities of the FACO with regards to air ops. (5)
A

REF. 3-1-3. 3103.
- Ordering flight rules in effect within the airspace for which the OTC is responsible.
- The safe and proper conduct of air control within the force.
- Ensuring AIRMOVE departure, arrival and non-arrival messages are initiated as required.
- The separation of aircraft in close support of forces when operating IAW IFR.
- Issuing IFR instructions.

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5
Q
  1. What should aircraft approaching a force assume? (1)
A

REF. 3-2-1. 3206.
Unless otherwise informed, aircraft approaching the force shall assume that other aircraft are operating in the vicinity.

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6
Q
  1. What are the standard separation rules for aircraft as set out in MTP-01 for aircraft BELOW 2000 ft? (3)
A

REF. MTP-01, VOL 1, Chapter 6, page 6-34, 6173.
- Unless aircraft are cooperating and are on the same frequency, or can see each other, the following minimum lateral or vertical separation is to be arranged:
o In the case of a fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter:
▪ 1,500 yards lateral or 300 feet vertical.
o In the case of two fixed-wing aircraft:
▪ 3 miles lateral or 500 feet vertical.
o In the case of two helicopters:
▪ 1,500 yards lateral or 300 feet vertical.

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7
Q
  1. Define Force Control Area. (1)
A

REF. 3-1-2. 3102.
An airspace around the force that extends vertically and horizontally to the limits of the airspace reserved for that force.

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8
Q
  1. Define Final Approach Area. (1)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
An area extending 2.5 NM from the ship and bounded 20 degrees on either side of the FAC.

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9
Q
  1. Define Final Approach Course. (1)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
The magnetic bearing assigned by the SAC for final approach, normally the extension of the ship’s center line.

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10
Q
  1. Define VFR, VMC, VFC, IFR, IMC and IFC. (6)
A

REF. 3-1-2. 3102.
- Visual Flight Rules (VFR): Flight conducted IAW established visual flight rules and regulations.
- Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC): Meteorological conditions equal to or better than a ceiling of 300 ft and a visibility of 2 NM.
- Visual Flight Conditions (VFC): Flight conditions in which control of an aircraft can be maintained without reference to aircraft instrument.
- Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): Flight conducted IAW established instrument flight rules and regulations.
- Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC): Meteorological conditions less than the minima specified for VMC, which at sea is a ceiling of 300 ft and visibility of 2NM.
- Instrument Flight Conditions (IFC): Flight conditions in which control of the aircraft can only be maintained by reference to aircraft instruments.

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11
Q
  1. What are the standard separation criteria for aircraft IAW MTP-01 ABOVE 2000ft inside 40 NM from the control radar? Outside 40 NM? (2)
A

REF. MTP-01, VOL 1, Chapter 6, page 6-35, 6174.
- Inside 40 NM: At least 3 NM of lateral separation
- Outside 40 NM: At least 5 NM of lateral separation

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12
Q
  1. Define in detail the DELTA. (3)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
A visual racetrack holding pattern, oriented into wind, flown at 200 ft ASL, normally using right hand turns adjacent to the intended recovery ship.

REF. 3-2-1. 3204.
- The DELTA is designed to effect prompt and easy recovery of the helicopter in VMC during either restricted or unrestricted EMCON situations.
- When two or more ships in close proximity are recovering and their respective DELTA patterns conflict, non-standard DELTAs shall be ordered to ensure safe separation.

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13
Q
  1. What is VFR at sea for a helicopter? What about fixed-wing aircraft? (4)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3303.
- Helicopters: Weather limits for VFR operations are a ceiling of 300 ft and visibility of 2 NM. Remain clear of clouds and maintain visual contact with the surface. For a flight above the cloud layer, maintain at least 500 ft above the layer.
- Fixed-wing aircraft: Maintain a vertical and horizontal separation from cloud of at least 500 ft and 1 NM respectively and a flight visibility of 3 NM.

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14
Q
  1. Explain deck-to-deck transfers in respects to VFR exceptions. (2)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3304.
Ship-to-ship and jetty-to-ship transfers may be conducted under conditions of reduced ceiling and visibility provided the aircraft captain can maintain simultaneous visual contact with both landing areas. For ship-to-ship night transfers, both ships shall remain on the flying course within 500 yards of each other.

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15
Q
  1. What constitutes a clearance to launch in VFR? When should the OTC be informed of deviations? (2)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3305.
Under VFR, the promulgated flying program constitutes clearance to launch. The OTC shall be informed of deviations exceeding 5 minutes.

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16
Q
  1. Explain VFR recovery during daytime. (1)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3307.
Unless otherwise directed, aircraft shall proceed off task to the DELTA so as to meet their scheduled CHARLIE time.

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17
Q
  1. Explain VFR recovery at night for both an instrument and visual approach. (3)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3307.
- Instrument approach: At the scheduled off-task time or when directed, the aircraft shall be flown to the FAF for an instrument approach using navigational aids permitted by the existing EMCON policy.
- Visual approach: Unless cleared for an immediate visual approach, the aircraft shall proceed off task to the DELTA on schedule. When cleared for an approach, the pilot shall fly to a position approximately 1 NM back of the ship before commencing final approach. If EMCON is restricted, signals for DELTA HOVER ASTERN and/or CHARLIE will be relayed via the trafficator lights.

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18
Q
  1. What is the flying course requirement for VFR operations at night? (2)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3308.
Under night conditions, the ship should be on the flying course before the aircraft crosses the FAF. The ship shall be established on the flying course before the aircraft is 1NM back. If the ship is not on the flying course at this point, the aircraft shall overshoot and hold at the FAF until the flying course is established.

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19
Q
  1. Define “below IFR forecast”. (3)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3304.
When weather conditions for a scheduled flight recovery time (+/- 1 hour) are forecasted to go below IFR limits (200 ft and ½ NM), VFR operations shall be conducted within 20 NM of the ship and while the aircraft can maintain day/VMC. If conditions deteriorate below VMC, the aircraft shall either be recovered immediately or divert to a suitable alternate.

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20
Q
  1. Define in detail DELTA HOVER ASTERN. (2)
A

REF. 3-1-1. 3102.
A helicopter hovering position normally oriented into wind, close to the ship’s port/stbd quarter.

REF. 3-2-1. 3205.
- During night or under IMC, Delta Hover Astern shall not be order without the aircraft captain’s approval and the ship established on the flying course.
- Delta Hover Aster may be ordered by the LSO when the ship is 90 degrees of the flying course.

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21
Q
  1. You are the SAC on HMCS Toronto. At the aircrew brief, the MET TECH informs you that the weather is forecasted to go below IFR minima 35 minutes prior to the scheduled recovery time. The sortie’s timing cannot be changed. How will the flight be conducted? (3)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3304.
VFR operations will only be conducted within 20 NM of the ship and while the aircraft can maintain day/VMC. If conditions deteriorate below VMC, the aircraft shall either be recovered immediately or diverted to a suitable alternate.

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22
Q
  1. What will the helicopter do upon launching in VFR? (1)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3306.
Unless otherwise authorized, after take-off and once clear of obstructions, helicopters shall depart the ship on the pre-planned departure heading.

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23
Q
  1. What are the 3 steps of recovery? (3)
A

REF. 3-4-3. 3410.
a) Initial approach
b) Final approach
c) Recovery

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24
Q
  1. What will the helicopter do for a night visual approach? (2)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3307.
Unless cleared for an immediate visual approach, the aircraft shall proceed off task to the DELTA on schedule. When cleared for an approach, the pilot shall fly to a position approximately 1 NM back from the ship before commencing final approach. If EMCON is restricted, signals for DELTA HOVER ASTERN and/or CHARLIE will be relayed via trafficator lights

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25
Q
  1. What will the helicopter do for a night instrument approach? (1)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3307.
At scheduled off task time or when directed, the aircraft shall be flown to the FAF for an instrument approach using navigational aids permitted by the existing EMCON policy.

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26
Q
  1. What is the criteria for ship-to-ship or jetty-to-ship transfers during periods of reduced visibility? (2)
A

REF. 3-3-1. 3304.
Ship-to-ship or jetty-to ship transfers may be conducted under conditions of reduced ceiling and visibility provided that the aircraft captain can maintain simultaneous visual contact with both landing areas. For ship-to-ship night transfers, both ships shall remain on the flying course within 500 yards of each other.

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27
Q
  1. What are the requirements for the ship to be on the flying course at night? (2)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3308.
Under night conditions, the ship should be on the flying course before the aircraft crosses the FAF. The ship shall be established on the flying course before the aircraft is 1NM back. If the ship is not on the flying course at this point, the aircraft shall overshoot and hold the FAF until the flying course is established.

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28
Q
  1. Explain VFR recovery at night for both an instrument and visual approach? (3)
A

REF. 3-3-2. 3307.
- Visual recovery: Unless cleared for an immediate visual approach, the aircraft shall proceed off task to the DELTA on schedule. When cleared for an approach, the pilot shall fly to a position approximately 1 NM back from the ship before commencing final approach. If EMCON is restricted, signals for DELTA HOVER ASTERN and/or CHARLIE will be relayed via trafficator lights.
- Instrument recovery: At scheduled off task time or when directed, the aircraft shall be flown to the FAF for an instrument approach using navigational aids permitted by the existing EMCON policy.

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29
Q
  1. What will happen if an aircraft is operating at sea IAW IFR, and conditions deteriorate below IFR minima? (2)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3403.
Either the ship shall return immediately to better weather conditions, or the aircraft shall divert to a suitable alternate. The helicopter shall be recalled immediately if there are no suitable alternate.

30
Q
  1. Which type of flights can be authorized when conditions are below IFR minima? (1)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3403.
Shore bound flights may be authorized when conditions are below IFR minima but greater than 100 feet or 1/4 NM.

31
Q
  1. What are the IFR separation criteria as laid out in SHOPs? (4)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3403.
Shore bound flights may be authorized when conditions are below IFR minima but greater than 100 feet or 1/4 NM.

  1. What are the IFR separation criteria as laid out in SHOPs? (4)
    REF. 3-4-2. 3406.
    - The lateral separation between aircraft IFR operating areas shall be no less than 1 NM.
    - The vertical separation between overlapping aircraft IFR operating areas shall be no less than 300 ft.
    - Transiting aircraft shall avoid all aircraft IFR operating areas by at least 1 NM.
    - Transiting aircraft shall avoid each other IAW the standard separation criteria in ATP 1.
32
Q
  1. Explain IFR holding. (1)
A

REF. 3-4-2. 3409.
Unless otherwise directed, in the event of a delay in IFR recovery, the helicopter shall hold inbound at the FAF, using right hand turns between 2 and 4 NM from the ship.

33
Q
  1. What is contained in an IFR clearance? (6)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3405.
- Departure course from the ship (normally the flying course)
- Routing and altitude to/from operating area
- ON/OFF station time
- Vertical and lateral dimensions of the assigned operating area, if not already promulgated
- Approach course to intended recovery ship
- No Radio (NORDO) altitude

34
Q
  1. What are the equipment requirements to conduct IFR operations at sea? (3)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3404.
Both the intended recovery ship and the helicopter have a serviceable RADAR and qualified operator and one of the following:
- A consort capable of conducting a Radar Controlled Approach (RCA) to the recovery ship; or
- A VFR aerodrome is available ashore

35
Q
  1. What will a helicopter do when it launches in IFR? (1)
A

REF. 3-4-2. 3407.
Unless otherwise directed, after clearing the flight deck, the aircraft shall commence a climb to 200 ft while proceeding along the flying course out to 2 NM. The aircrew shall contact the HCU for control as soon as practicable after take-off.

36
Q
  1. How are IFR instructions issued? (2)
A

REF. 3-4-1. 3402.
Clearances will be issued, either by voice when SACs request permission to launch or by hard copy message for block IFR clearance.

37
Q
  1. How many helicopters can a DELTA grade SAC control at night in VMC? (2)
A

REF. 3-6-3. Table 3-6-1.
- One radar fitted helicopter in Close/Positive, Close/Advisory or Loose/Positive
- 3 helicopters in Loose/Advisory

38
Q
  1. Define Close control. (1)
A

REF. 3-6-1. 3604.
A form of aircraft mission control in which the aircraft is continuously controlled for altitude, speed and heading to a position from which the mission can be accomplished.

39
Q
  1. Define Loose control. (1)
A

REF. 3-6-2. 3604.
A form of aircraft mission control in which the aircraft captain selects their own speed, altitude, heading and appropriate tactics to accomplish the assigned task. The controlling unit (own ship) will advise the aircraft of the current tactical picture and will provide further advice when available.

40
Q
  1. Define Broadcast control. (3)
A

REF. 3-6-2. 3604.
Broadcast control does not require a controller qualification. It is a form of mission control used in the absence of full capability, or if the tactical situation precludes close or loose control, to accomplish the task. The controlling unit, when possible, provides adequate warnings of hazards but the aircraft captain is responsible for aircraft navigation and collision avoidance. Two-way communication is not a prerequisite for this type of control.

41
Q
  1. Define Positive control. (1)
A

REF. 3-6-2. 3604.
The controlling unit is responsible for taking actions for collision avoidance such as ordering the necessary alterations to heading, speed and altitude to maintain separation criteria.

42
Q
  1. Define Advisory control. (1)
A

REF. 3-6-2. 3604.
The controlling unit will provide adequate warnings of hazards affecting aircraft safety. The aircraft captain is responsible for the aircraft’s navigation and collision avoidance.

43
Q
  1. Define CHARLIE. (1)
A

REF. 3102.
A signal for aircraft to land aboard the ship. A number suffix indicates time delay before landing.

44
Q
  1. Define Final Approach Area. (1)
A

REF. 3102.
An area extending 2.5 NM from the ship and bounded 20 degrees on either side of the FAC.

45
Q
  1. Define Final Approach Fix. (1
A

REF. 3102.
Unless otherwise specified, a position located 2 NM from the ship on the FAC.

46
Q
  1. Define Minimal Descent Altitude. (1)
A

REF. 3102.
Specified altitude ASL for a non-precision approach, below which descent shall not be made until the required visual reference to continue the approach to land has been established.

47
Q
  1. Name the duties and responsibilities of a CO with regards to air ops. (5)
A

REF. 3103.
- Providing meteorological, navigation and communication equipment necessary to support safe air operations.
- The control of air traffic within their ship’s control zone.
- Informing OTC of any deviations from scheduled flying operations and obtaining amended launch and/or recovery times.
- The promulgation of AIRMOVE messages for aircraft under their control.
- When required, obtaining the airspace reservations necessary to conduct independent air operations.

48
Q
  1. What should aircraft joining a force assume? (1)
A

REF. 3206.
Unless otherwise informed, aircraft approaching the force shall assume that other aircraft are operating in the vicinity.

49
Q
  1. Two CP-140 blk IVs are operating together in support of ASW. Pathfinder is at 500 ft ASL, and Hunter is at 200 ft ASL. Pathfinder wants to overfly Hunter in order to expedite their brickwork. Is it safe for Pathfinder to do so? Why or why not? (2)
A

REF. MTP-1. 6173.
No. The minimum vertical separation between two fixed-wing aircraft is 500 ft. Therefore, the minimum altitude for Pathfinder to transit over Hunter is 700 ft provided they have been instructed not to drop stores while transiting.

50
Q
  1. What is the minimum pre-departure information needed for an aircraft to transit to another force? (4)
A

REF. 3504.
- PIM and rendezvous position of the destination ship.
- Departure, enroute and destination frequencies.
- All active control areas/zones that may be encountered enroute together with associated control agencies frequencies.
- PIM and rendezvous position of the parent ship un the event the aircraft is unable to locate its destination ship.

51
Q
  1. What is considered the maximum Radius of Action (ROA) for a CH-148? (1)
A

REF. 3504.
100 NM.

52
Q
  1. Name the types of AIRMOVE messages. (3)
A

REF. 3505.
- AIRMOVE departure message
- AIRMOVE arrival message
- AIRMOVE non-arrival message

53
Q
  1. What are the equipment requirements for a transit to another force at night? (2)
A

REF. 3504.
- Radar on the parent/destination ship and aircraft.
- HF radio on the parent/destination ship and aircraft.

54
Q
  1. Define in detail the DELTA. (3)
A

REF. 3102.
A visual racetrack holding pattern, oriented into wind flown at 200 ft ASL using right hand turns adjacent to the intended recovery ship.

REF. 3204.
The DELTA is designed to effect prompt and easy recovery of the helicopter in VMC during either restricted or unrestricted EMCON situations.

When two or more ships in close proximity are recovering and their respective DELTAs patterns conflict, non-standard DELTAs shall be ordered to ensure safe separation.

55
Q
  1. Define in detail DELTA HOVER ASTERN. (3)
A

REF. 3102.
A helicopter hovering position, normally oriented into wind close to the ship’s port/stbd quarter.

REF. 3205.
During night or under IMC DELTA HOVER ASTERN shall not be ordered without the aircraft captain’s approval and the ship established on the flying course.

DELTA HOVER ASTERN may be ordered by the LSO when the ship is within 90 degrees of the flying course.

56
Q
  1. Define VFR, VFC and VMC. (3)
A

REF. 3102.
- VFR: Visual Flight Rules: Flight conducted IAW visual flight rules and regulations.
- VFC: Visual Flight Conditions: Flight conditions in which control of the aircraft can be maintained without reference to aircraft instruments.
- VMC: Visual Meteorological Conditions: Meteorological conditions equal to or better than a ceiling of 300 ft and a visibility of 2 NM.

57
Q
  1. Define IFC, IMC and IFR. (3)
A

REF. 3102.
- IFC: Instrument Flight Conditions: Flight conditions in which control of an aircraft can only be maintained by reference to aircraft instruments.
- IMC: Instrument Meteorological Conditions: Meteorological conditions less than the minima for VMC, which at sea is a ceiling of 300 ft and visibility of 2 NM.
- IFR: Instrument Flight Rules: Flight conducted IAW established instrument flight rules and regulations.

58
Q
  1. Define Force Control Area. (1)
A

REF. 3102.
Airspace around a force that extends vertically and horizontally to the limits of the airspace reserved for that force.

59
Q
  1. Two P-8As are operating at 3500 ft ASL. They are flying brickwork patterns 38 NM from your unit and are under your control. The aircraft pass within 2 NM of one another on one occasion and 3.5 NM on another. Are they safe? (2)
A

REF. MTP-1. 6174.
No. The minimum lateral separation between aircrafts operating within 40 NM of the control radar, above 2000 ft in IMC, is 3 NM. Therefore, provided these two aircraft are indeed operating in IMC, the separation criteria has been broken when the two aircrafts, operating at similar altitudes, made a pass within 2 NM of one another.

60
Q
  1. Name the duties and responsibilities of the FACO. (5)
A

REF. 3103.
- Ordering flight rules in effect within the airspace for which the OTC is responsible.
- The safe and proper conduct of air control within the force.
- Ensuring that AIRMOVE arrival, departure and non-arrival messages are initiated as required.
- The separation of aircraft in close support of forces when operating IAW IFR.
- Issuing IFR instructions.

61
Q
  1. What is the minimal information needed for a transit to another force? (4)
A

REF. 3504.
- PIM and rendezvous position of the destination ship.
- Departure, enroute and destination frequencies.
- All active control areas/zones that may be encountered together with their associated control agency frequencies.
- PIM and rendezvous position of the parent ship in the event the aircraft is unable to locate its destination ship.

62
Q
  1. When will a AIRMOVE departure message be sent? (1)
A

REF. 3505.
The aircraft’s dispatching control agency shall send an AIRMOVE departure message immediately upon the aircraft’s departure.

63
Q
  1. When will a AIRMOVE non-arrival message be sent? (1)
A

REF. 3505.
If the intended receiving control agency does not establish contact with or control of the approaching aircraft by 30 minutes after the ETA in the associated AIRMOVE departure message, they shall send an AIRMOVE non-arrival message.

64
Q
  1. When will a AIRMOVE arrival message be sent? (1)
A

REF. 3505.
The aircraft’s receiving control agency shall send an AIRMOVE arrival message immediately after the aircraft has been taken under their control.

65
Q
  1. Define MAYDAY and PANPAN. (2)
A

REF. 3701.
- MAYDAY: The aircraft must land or ditch immediately.
- PANPAN: The aircraft must land immediately upon arrival at its parent ship or the closest suitable alternate recovery ship.

66
Q
  1. What will be the SAC’s reactions to an aircraft emergency? (6)
A

REF. 3702.
- Acknowledge the emergency transmission and advise “Stand by”.
- Pass the parent ship’s bearing and range as soon as possible.
- Thereafter, transmit little but monitor closely.
- Alert the ORO of the emergency.
- Be prepared to render requested/required assistance.
- If appropriate, advise the OOW to close the aircraft.

67
Q
  1. What will a SAC do if they have difficulty reaching the aircraft on their comms? (4)
A

REF.3703.
- Transmit frequency change and monitor UHF/VHF (243.0/121.5/156.8 MHz).
- Monitor the following frequencies:
o The aircraft’s last assigned frequency.
o The recovering ship’s assigned HF.
o The recovering ship’s L/L frequency.
o VHF/FM CH16.

68
Q
  1. What will an aircraft do if they cannot contact the controlling agency for 30+ minutes? (3)
A

REF. 3704.
- Attempt to relay a message to the controlling authority through another unit.
- Close the control ship, as required.
- Squawk “Ident”

69
Q
  1. What are the timings for an overdue aircraft: prop, helo and jet? (3)
A

REF. 3705.
- Shore based prop or turboprop: ETA plus 30 minutes.
- Shore or ship based helicopters: ETA plus 30 minutes.
- Shore based jets: ETA plus 30 minutes (Or ETA plus 5 minutes if transit time is less than 15 minutes)

70
Q
  1. What will the SAC do if they receive a Mode 3 – 7600 squawk? (4)
A

REF. 3706.
- Advise all other aircraft in the area, vectoring them clear if necessary and determine the NORDO aircraft’s parent ship.
- Notify all ships in the area that you have received a 7600 squawk or that you have no comms with your aircraft that you are tracking.
- Transmit instructions “in the blind” to the aircraft UHF 243.0, VHF/AM 121.5 and VHF/FM 156.8 MHz.
- Ensure that the recovery ship is established into wind at the appropriate time.

SHOPS (1 decks)

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