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Cardio ‘24 > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium (pericardial sac)

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2
Q

Outer membrane of the heart

A

Parietal

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3
Q

Inner membrane of heart

A

Visceral

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4
Q

Between parietal and visceral layers of the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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5
Q

Outer layer of heart wall (and purpose)

A

Epicardium - reduces friction on visceral membrane

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6
Q

Middle layer of heart wall (and purpose)

A

Myocardium - responsible for cardiac contraction

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7
Q

Most inner layer of heart wall

A

Endocardium - smooth to not disrupt blood/platelet flow

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8
Q

Tissue dividing L/R sides of heart (two parts)

A

Interatrial/Interventricular septum

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9
Q

Name both atrioventricular valves

A

R - tricuspid valve
L - mitral (bicuspid) valve

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10
Q

Only arteries to fill during ventricular diastole

A

Coronary arteries

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11
Q

Valves that separates ventricles with great vessels

A

Semilunar (SL) valves (pulmonic/aortic valves)

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12
Q

Systole

A

Period during atrial/ventricular contraction

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13
Q

Diastole

A

Period of relaxation when chambers fill

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14
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute (normal 5-6L)
CO = SV x HR

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15
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected in single cardiac contraction (normal 60-100 mL)

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16
Q

Inotropic effect

A

Contractility (positive/negative) of muscle tissue

17
Q

Chronic effect

A

Heart rate (positive = higher HR)

18
Q

Frank-Starling mechanism

A

If more blood fills the heart (balloon becomes big), it contracts with greater force (CO goes up)

19
Q

Keeps atrioventricular valves closed and prevents backwash

A

Papillary muscles and chordae tendonae

20
Q

Left anterior descending (LAD) supplies what parts of heart

A

Septum, anterior wall of LV, some low lateral LV

21
Q

Left circumflex (LCX) supplies what parts of heart

A

High lateral wall of LV, posterior
Inferior LV in 10-20% of population

22
Q

Right coronary artery (RCA) supplies what parts of heart

A

All of right side of heart
Inferior LV of 80-90% of population

23
Q

Where the venous blood of the heart drains into, then to right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

24
Q

Describe acute pulmonary edema

A

AKA Left ventricular failure (LVF)
LV is damaged and can’t pump against after load (blood already in system) and creates a back-up of blood in pulmonary veins to the lungs leading to wet lungs, ect
BP rises (makes it worse by increasing after load), HR rises, RR rises
Tx CPAP (lowers BP) and nitroglycerin (lowers BP, makes it easier for LV to deliver)

25
Q

Sympathetic nervous system talks to what electrical nerves in heart?

A

SA, AV, ventricles (all parts)

26
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system talks to what electrical nerves in heart?

A

(Vagus nerve)
SA, AV nodes
Generally slows HR/contractility

27
Q

Difficulty breathing laying down

A

Orthopnea

Cardio ‘24 (4 decks)

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