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Deca SocSci > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What conflict do most historians agree was the primary cause of the American Revolution?

A

Seven Years’ War

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2
Q

What five social groups existed in Native American society?

A

clan, tribe, village, chiefdom, confederacy

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3
Q

What disease devastated Native populations?

A

smallpox

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4
Q

How high do some estimates place Native American population loss?

A

90%

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5
Q

What people did settlers in Jamestown and Plymouth likely encounter?

A

Algonquian

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6
Q

What Algonquian tribe was near Jamestown?

A

Powhatan

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7
Q

What two Algonquian tribes were near Plymouth?

A

Pequots and Narragansett

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8
Q

Near what three bodies of water did some Algonquian peoples live?

A

Atlantic Coast, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes

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9
Q

What were the three sisters?

A

Corn, beans, squash

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10
Q

Who organized a confederacy to resist westward expansion?

A

Powhatan

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11
Q

Who led the Wampanoags in King Phillip’s War?

A

Metacomet

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12
Q

Where was King Phillip’s War fought?

A

New England

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13
Q

Who fought the Puritans in King Phillip’s War?

A

Wampanoags

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14
Q

How many nations were a part of the Iroquois confederacy?

A

five

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15
Q

When was the Iroquois confederacy likely formed?

A

late fifteenth centery

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16
Q

What are the five nations of the Iroquois confederacy?

A

Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca

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17
Q

What two neighboring groups did the Iroquois Confederacy have conflicts with?

A

Huron and Algonquian

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18
Q

What people joined the Iroquois confederacy in 1722?

A

Tuscarora

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19
Q

What did the Iroquois Confederacy become known as in 1722?

A

Six Nations

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20
Q

What area was the Iroquois confederacy located in?

A

Great Lakes region

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21
Q

What two advantages did the Iroquois Confederacy’s location give them?

A

Time to observe Europeans; position between French, English, and Dutch claims

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22
Q

What area did New France claim?

A

Great Lakes to Ohio River Valley

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23
Q

What colony was Maine a part of?

A

Massachusetts

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24
Q

When did the Seven Years’ War begin?

A

1756

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25
Q

What was the British colonial population in 1756?

A

2 million

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26
Q

What was the French colonial population in 1756?

A

65,000

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27
Q

What religion was the population of New France?

A

Catholic

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28
Q

What five practical European-origin items did Natives incorporate into their customs?

A

woven cloth, metal kettles, iron axes, fishhooks, guns

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29
Q

What two items did Native Americans desire for religious ceremonies?

A

glass beads and copper ornaments

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30
Q

What two purposes drove French interaction with Native Americans?

A

fur trade and conversion

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31
Q

Who wrote The Jesuit Relations?

A

Father Paul Le Jeune

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32
Q

How long did Father Paul Le Jeune spend in New France?

A

17 years

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33
Q

Between what years was the Jesuit Relations published?

A

1632-1673

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34
Q

What alternative purpose did The Jesuit Relations have?

A

marketing tool

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35
Q

What did Le Jeune say about souls?

A

They “are all made from the same stock”

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36
Q

What four things did Le Jeune admire about the Native people?

A

physical strength, intelligence, contentment, diplomacy

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37
Q

What four things did Le Jeune criticize Native people for?

A

being arrogant, proud, vindictive, and lacking in compassion

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38
Q

What was the primary interest of the English with Native Americans?

A

displacing them from their land

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39
Q

What did the English not often do with the Natives?

A

marry or proselytize

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40
Q

Who said, “What then is the American, this new man?”

A

Crevecoeur

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41
Q

What portion of the colonial population did English citizens compose in the 1770s?

A

less than 2/3

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42
Q

1/5 of the colonial population in. the 1770s was ___

A

enslaved

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43
Q

What other two groups besides English were common in the colonies?

A

German and Scots-Irish

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44
Q

What two things are described in the guide as being part of British identity?

A

wearing clothes of imported cloth and drinking tea

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45
Q

What two wars occurred in the years before the American Revolution?

A

Seven Years’ War and Ponticac’s War

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46
Q

What caused the Seven Years’ War?

A

territorial disputes in North America

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47
Q

What group formed the Ohio company in 1749?

A

Virginia

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48
Q

How many acres did the Ohio Company obtain in 1749?

A

200,000

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49
Q

What was the Ohio Company primarily interested in?

A

Fur Trade

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50
Q

Along what river did the French build a chain of forts in the 1750s?

A

Allegheny

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51
Q

When was the Albany Congress?

A

June 19-July 11, 1754

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52
Q

How many British colonies were represented at the Albany Congress?

A

7

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53
Q

What seven colonies were represented at the Albany Congress?

A

Connecticut, massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland

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54
Q

What two things did the Albany Congress discuss?

A

treaty with the Iroquois confederacy and defense measures against French Canada

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55
Q

What two other meetings did the Albany Congress serve as a model for?

A

Stamp Act Congress of 1765 and First Continental Congress in 1754

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56
Q

Who wrote the Albany Plan?

A

Benjamin Franklin

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57
Q

What did the Albany Plan suggest?

A

unified colonial government

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58
Q

What is it theorized that the Albany Plan was based on?

A

Iroquois Confederacy

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59
Q

How many delegates would each colony send based on the Albany Plan?

A

Two to seven

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60
Q

Who was the governor of Virginia in 1753?

A

Robert Dinwiddie

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61
Q

What is notable about Robert Dinwiddie?

A

He was an investor in the Ohio Company and setn George Washington to demand French withdrawal from the frontier forts

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62
Q

What was the result of Washington’s first confrontation with the French?

A

refused to withdraw from their forts

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63
Q

On what day did Washington attack a scouting party?

A

May 27, 1754

64
Q

What was the skirmish between Washington and the French on May 27 called?

A

Battle of Jumonville Glen

65
Q

What were initial British losses at the Battle of Jumonville Glen?

A

ten killed, 21 prisoners

66
Q

What was the ultimate result of the Battle of Jumonville GLen?

A

Washington and men disarmed at Fort Necessity

67
Q

What event led Britain to declare war on France?

A

Battle of Jumonville Glen

68
Q

What six areas are involved in. the Seven Years’ War?

A

North America, Caribbean, Europe, South America, Indian subcontinent, Pacific Ocean

69
Q

Who did Great Britain ally with for the war in Europe?

A

Germany

70
Q

How did the first four years of the Seven Years’ War go for the British?

A

poorly

71
Q

At what two locations did the British suffer decisive defeats in the Seven Years’ War?

A

Forts Oswego and William Henry

72
Q

What group were the primary allies of the French?

A

Algonquian

73
Q

What city did the French draw extremely close to?

A

Philadelphia

74
Q

In what year did the turning point for the British come?

A

1758

75
Q

What was the cause of the turning point for the British in the War?

A

British PM William Pitt assumes wartime operations

76
Q

What important French Stronghold did the British take in 1758?

A

Louisbourg, French Canada

77
Q

why was Louisbourg important?

A

it was at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River

78
Q

What two French strongholds also fell to the british? (besides Louisbourg)

A

Montreal and Fort Niagara

79
Q

What two victors divided France’s colonial holdings in the Treaty of Paris?

A

Great Britain and Spain

80
Q

When did the Seven Years’ War officially end?

A

1763

81
Q

What did the French keep following the war?

A

Caribbean islands

82
Q

Near what Fort was Chief Pontiac?

A

Fort Pontiac

83
Q

What was the area near Fort Detroit called?

A

Ohio Country

84
Q

What five tribes created an alliance under Chief Pontiac?

A

Shawnee, Wyandot, Seneca, Cayuga, Delaware

85
Q

What tribe was Pontiac a part of?

A

Ottawa

86
Q

By the fall of 1763, how many people had Pontiac’s forces killed or captured?

A

600

87
Q

When did Pontiac formally surrender?

A

1766

88
Q

When did Pontiac’s War essentially end?

A

1764

89
Q

What area was barred from settlement by colonists by the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

west of Appalachians

90
Q

What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 instruct people already living west of the Appalachian mountains to do?

A

Move East

91
Q

How many British troops landed in Boston in 1768?

A

4,000

92
Q

How many civilians lived in Boston in 1768?

A

16,000

93
Q

Where were many of the best-remembered patriots from?

A

Massachusetts

94
Q

What was James Otis’s occupation?

A

lawyer

95
Q

What widely distributed pamphlet did James Otis write?

A

The Rights of the British Colonists Asserted and Defended

96
Q

What was John Adam’s occupation?

A

Lawyer

97
Q

What four accomplishments of John Adams are listed?

A

Delegate in Continental Congress, ambassador during Revolutionary War, first Vice President, and second President

98
Q

Where did John and Samuel adams both attend school?

A

Harvard

99
Q

What was Paul Revere’s occupation?

A

silversmith

100
Q

In what way did Paul Revere uniquely contribute to Patriot efforts?

A

illustration

101
Q

When was the Stamp Act passed?

A

1765

102
Q

In what currency type was the Stamp tax to be paid?

A

British

103
Q

Who was Prime Minister when the Stamp Act was passed?

A

George Grenville

104
Q

When were the Sugar Act and Currency Act passed?

A

1764

105
Q

What nine colonies were part of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina

106
Q

Who prevented Virginia from sending delegates to the Stamp Act Congress?

A

Lieutenant Governor Francis Fauquier

107
Q

Who issued the Stamp Act Resolves?

A

Virginia

108
Q

What was the result of the Stamp Act Congress?

A

A set of resolutions sent to King George III and Parliament

109
Q

Who did the Stamp Act Resolves and Congress say could tax the colonists?

A

Colonial Legislatures

110
Q

When was the Stamp Act repealled?

A

February 1766

111
Q

Where was the stamped paper often required by the Stamp Act made?

A

London

112
Q

Who argued a theory of virtual representation?

A

George Grenville

113
Q

Who did Grenville say represented the colonists in Parliament?

A

members of the House of Commons

114
Q

Who described virtual representation as “the most contemptible idea that ever entered the head of a man”?

A

William Pitt

115
Q

What did Daniel Dulany Jr.’s 1765 pamphlet argue against?

A

virtual representation

116
Q

Where was Daniel Dulany Jr.’s 1765 pamphlet published?

A

Annapolis

117
Q

What did Parliament pass immediately following the Stamp Act?

A

Declaratory Act

118
Q

What did the Declaratory Act assert Parliament’s right to do?

A

bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever

119
Q

In what two years were the Townshend Acts passed?

A

1767 and 1768

120
Q

What was Townshend’s title?

A

Chancellor of the Exchequer

121
Q

What six items were taxed under the Townshend acts

A

Glass, paper, paint, oil, lead, tea

122
Q

What was the revenue from Townshend Act taxes supposed to pay?

A

salaries of governors and judges

123
Q

What group created by Townshend was charged with enforcing tax policy?

A

American Board of Custom Commissioners

124
Q

On what day was the Boston Non-Importation Agreement enacted?

A

August 1, 1768

125
Q

What two cities followed the Boston Non-Importation Agreement’s precedent?

A

New York and Philadelphia

126
Q

What was the Sons of Liberty formed in response to?

A

Stamp Act

127
Q

The Sons of Liberty were infamous for their ____

A

violence

128
Q

Who created the first committee of correspondence for the revolution?

A

Samuel Adams

129
Q

How did women contribute in the boycott of British goods?

A

refusing to serve tea, using homespun cloth

130
Q

How did the Daughters of Liberty support the Patriot cause?

A

organizing spinning bees

131
Q

When was the Bloody Massacre?

A

March 5, 1770

132
Q

Where did the Bloody Massacre take place?

A

Custom House on King Street

133
Q

What newspaper reported on the Bloody Massacre?

A

Boston Gazette

134
Q

Who was killed in the Bloody Massacre (5)?

A

Samuel Gray, Crispus Attucks, James Caldwell, Samuel Maerick, Christopher Monk

135
Q

Who was the Massachusetts governor at the time of the Bloody Massacre?

A

Thomas Hutchinson

136
Q

Who was the British Captain involved in the Bloody massacre?

A

Thomas Preston

137
Q

Who represented the British Soldiers involved in the Bloody Massacre?

A

John Adams

138
Q

What were the two soldiers convicted of manslaughter in relation to the Bloody Massacre sentenced to?

A

branding on the thumb

139
Q

When did American colonists learn of a partial repeal of the Townshend Acts?

A

April 1770

140
Q

What tax remained after the partial repeal of the Townshend Acts?

A

tea

141
Q

What was the tax on tea?

A

three-pence

142
Q

When was the Tea Act passed?

A

1773

143
Q

Where was a ship carrying tea burned?

A

Annapolis

144
Q

What were Thomas Hutchinson’s thoughts towards tea being shipped in to Massachusetts?

A

wanted it safely delivered

145
Q

How many men were part of the Boston tea party?

A

30-100

146
Q

When was the Boston Tea Party?

A

December 16, 1773

147
Q

How many chests of tea (and ships) were involved in the Boston Tea Party?

A

342 chests, 3 ships

148
Q

What was passed as a direct response to the Boston Tea Party?

A

Coercive Acts

149
Q

What 1774 act directly affected the Boston harbor?

A

Port Act

150
Q

What did the Massachusetts government act do?

A

revoked Massachusetts charter

151
Q

What did the Administration of Justice Act do?

A

allowed trials for royal officials and British troops to be moved

152
Q

What did the quartering act allow for?

A

British soldiers to be housed in unoccupied buildings

153
Q

When was the first Continental Congress?

A

September 5, 1774

154
Q

Where was the first Continental Congress?

A

Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hall

155
Q

What was created at the first Continental Congress?

A

Continental
Association

Deca SocSci (1 decks)

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