Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did computers originate from?

A

telephone switches in the early 1900’s

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2
Q

What is Moore’s Law?

A

trend of reducing switch sizes by half about every 2 years

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3
Q

What is a computer chip?

A

coin sized device that can hold an entire computer

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4
Q

When did Engineers configure telephone switches to do simple calculations like adding two numbers.

A

1920s

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5
Q

When were computers first created?

A

1940s

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6
Q

When could Engineers put multiple switches on a single chip. U.S. moon rocket program brought dramatically improved chips and decreased prices.

A

1960s

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7
Q

When could Earlier room-sized computers fit on one coin-sized computer chip.

A

1970s

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8
Q

When could Earlier room-sized computers fit on a pinhead-sized chip

A

Today

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9
Q

How long did civilizations agricultural age last?

A

many thousands of years

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10
Q

When did the Industrial Age start?

A

1700s

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11
Q

When did the Information Age start?

A

1990s

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12
Q

What happened when the Information Age began?

A

human activity shifting from traditional industry to creating/managing/using computerized information

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13
Q

What happened when the Industrial Age began?

A

transformed civilization towards manufacturing goods, leading to mass migration to cities, creation of strong nations, world wars, doubling of lifespans and thus dramatic world population growth, and more

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14
Q

What were computers in 1940s & 1950

A

large expensive machines for government and business purposes
few existed worldwide, costing millions of dollars, weighing over a ton, and occupying entire rooms

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15
Q

when were computer chips invented?

A

1950s

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16
Q

when did businesses begin buying more computers?

A

1960s and 1970s

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17
Q

when did people begin purchasing desktop and laptop computers for home use

A

1980s

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18
Q

when were computers began appearing in the form of electronic tablets, book readers, and smartphones too?

A

2000s

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19
Q

what is an embedded computer?

A

a computer inside another electrical device, like inside a TV, car, printer, thermostat, satellite, etc

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20
Q

What are computers built from?

A

connected switches that, like light switches, are either on or off. On is called 1, and off is 0.

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21
Q

what is a bit?

A

a single 0 or 1

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22
Q

what is a byte?

A

eight bits (01001111)

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23
Q

What is a character?

A

a letter (a, b, …, z, A, B, …, Z), symbol (!, @, #, …), or single-digit number (0, 1, …, 9). Basically, each item on a keyboard is a character (though more characters exist).

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24
Q

What is ASCII?

A

a popular code for characters. Ex: Using ASCII, the letter Z would be stored in a computer as 1011010

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25
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

26
Q

When was ASCII developed?

A

was developed in 1963

27
Q

How many bits per code is used in ASCII?

A

7 bits per code

28
Q

How many characters does ASCII have code for?

A

128 characters

29
Q

What is Unicode?

A

character encoding standard

30
Q

When was Unicode published?

A

1991

31
Q

How many items can Unicode represent?

A

represent over 100,000 items, such as symbols and non-English characters

32
Q

Why do computers store 8 bits per code when using ASCII even though ASCII only uses 7?

A

most computer storage is built from multiples of 8

33
Q

What are decimal numbers?

A

base 10 numbers

34
Q

what are binary numbers?

A

base two numbers

35
Q

how are words stored?

A

as a sequence of bit codes in the computer’s memory

36
Q

What are symbols and spaces?

A

characters, and stored in the memory as bit codes

37
Q

how are numbers stored in memory?

A

in binary. 12 is 0001100 in binary.

38
Q

problem solving

A

Creating a methodical solution to a given task.

39
Q

What should a programmer do before writing a program?

A

create a solution approach

40
Q

A computer systems analyst mainly does what?

A

Deciding how to setup an organization’s computing technology is challenging. This job requires strong business sense too. Not all computing jobs are about writing software. Analysts often interact with many people and teams in a company.

41
Q

Computer and Information Research Scientists

A

Computer and information research scientists invent and design new approaches to computing technology and find innovative uses for existing technology. They study and solve complex problems in computing for business, medicine, science, and other fields.

42
Q

What education level is needed for computer and information research scientists?

A

Doctoral or professional degree

43
Q

Computer Network Architects

A

Computer network architects design and build data communication networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and intranets. These networks range from a small connection between two offices to a multinational series of globally distributed communications systems.

44
Q

What education level is needed for computer network architects?

A

Bachelor’s degree

45
Q

Computer Programmers

A

Computer programmers write code to create software programs. They turn the program designs created by software developers and engineers into instructions that a computer can follow.

46
Q

What eduction level is needed for computer programmers?

A

Bachelor’s degree

47
Q

Computer Support Specialists

A

Computer support specialists provide help and advice to people and organizations using computer software or equipment. Some, called computer network support specialists, support information technology (IT) employees within their organization. Others, called computer user support specialists, assist non-IT users who are having computer problems.

48
Q

What education level is needed for computer support specialists?

A

Varies: High-school degree and higher

49
Q

Computer Systems Analysts

A

Computer systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and procedures and design information systems solutions to help the organization operate more efficiently and effectively. They bring business and information technology (IT) together by understanding the needs and limitations of both.

50
Q

What education level is needed for computer support specialists?

A

Bachelor’s degree

51
Q

Database Administrators

A

Database administrators (DBAs) use specialized software to store and organize data, such as financial information and customer shipping records. They make sure that data are available to users and are secure from unauthorized access.

52
Q

What level of education is needed for database administrators?

A

Bachelor’s degree

53
Q

Information Security Analyst

A

Information security analysts plan and carry out security measures to protect an organization’s computer networks and systems. Their responsibilities are continually expanding as the number of cyberattacks increase.

54
Q

What Level of eduction is needed for information security analysts?

A

Bachelor’s degree

55
Q

Network and Computer Systems Administrators

A

Computer networks are critical parts of almost every organization. Network and computer systems administrators are responsible for the day-to-day operation of these networks.

56
Q

What level of education is needed for network and computer systems administrators?

A

Bachelor’s degree

57
Q

Software Developers

A

Software developers are the creative minds behind computer programs. Some develop the applications that allow people to do specific tasks on a computer or other device. Others develop the underlying systems that run the devices or control networks.

58
Q

What level of education is needed for software developers?

A

Bachelor’s degree

59
Q

Web Developers

A

Web developers design and create websites. They are responsible for the look of the site. They are also responsible for the site’s technical aspects, such as performance and capacity, which are measures of a website’s speed and how much traffic the site can handle. They also may create content for the site.

60
Q

What level of education is needed for web developers?

A

Associate’s Degree