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sect 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gas Evolution

A

Indicates the presence of carbonate minerals

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2
Q

Hardness

A

Ca + Mg

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3
Q

what does 15% hcl dissolve

A

Carbonates, Fe minerals

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4
Q

what does 12-3 mud acid dissolve

A

carbonates, clays, feldspars

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5
Q

XE

A

in development

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6
Q

B

A

CSL work product, area specific

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7
Q

J

A

Frac chemicals

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8
Q

fresh water FR

A

J627, J626

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9
Q

Mid range salinity FR

A

B145, J568

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10
Q

High Salinity FR

A

J609

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11
Q

Scaling cations

A

mg, ca, ba

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12
Q

scaling anions

A

so4, cl, co3

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13
Q

chelating agent

A

sequesters Fe, J450

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14
Q

what determines FR used

A

TDS

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15
Q

Quick add QAQC

A

ph, SG, visc

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16
Q

Common gelling agents

A

J580, J594, B306

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17
Q

Biocides

A

B244, M275, M290

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18
Q

Live b325)reakers

A

J218 (125-175F), J481 (250-325), J134L (100-125)

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19
Q

EB Breakers

A

J475 (125-185), J569 (175-250), J490 (250-325)

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20
Q

what do clay stabilizers do?

A

prevent swelling and migration of clays

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21
Q

Temporary clay stabilizers

A

L071, L068, M117

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22
Q

Perm clay stabilizers

A

L055, L042

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23
Q

surfactants

A

effect wettability, decrease surface tension

codes: F108, F112, B392

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24
Q

filter cake

A

development of polymer cake that reduces the volume of fluid being lost to formation

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25
Q

biocide that has no effect on enzymes

A

M275

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26
Q

problems with bacteria

A

change ph, increase hydration time, lower visc, consumes guar. scale formation

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27
Q

APB

A

acid producing bacteria-produce acid, corrode equip

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28
Q

GHB

A

General heterophobic bacteria-consumes organic carbon

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29
Q

SRB

A

Sulfate reducing bacteria-metabilises sulfate to produce h2s

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30
Q

bactiquant instructions

A 
calibrate
20 ml sample thru filter
2.5 ml substrate thru filter
wait 20 mins
rinse filter w developer 3 x into cuvette
record value
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31
Q

BQ value greater than 24000

A

less sample for less time

32
Q

newtonian fluids

A

shear stress proportional to shear rate

33
Q

power law

A

most acc for frac

t=k’yn’

34
Q

n’

A

behavior index, descibes degree of deviation from newtonian fluid
n’=1 newtonian fluid
n’>1=dilitant fluid vics inc with inc shear rate
n’<1=psuedoplastic visc dec with inc shear rate

35
Q

cP equation

A

300x(dial reading/rpm)

36
Q

classes of proppant

A 
sand 6000
resin coated prop 8000
lightweight 8000
inter strength 10000
high strength15000
37
Q

roundness

A

measure of the smoothness of the edges

38
Q

sphericity

A

measue of how much grain shape resembles a sphere

39
Q

proppant std

A

ISO 13503-2 / API RD 19C

40
Q

propp size we want for prop pack?

A

uniform size to allow for channels.. tested by sieve

41
Q

acid solubility

A

undesirable contaminants present in the sand

42
Q

S012

A

meets ISO/API for size

43
Q

B361

A

meets api except acid solubility

44
Q

B500

A

fails iso/api

45
Q

S100

A

100 mesh non iso/api

46
Q

cf=k x w

A

frac conductivity=prop perm x frac width

47
Q

what is imp about cond and prop

A

conductivity is the only true method to determine prop performance

48
Q

chelation

A

describes a particular way that ions and molecules bind metal ions

49
Q

borate XL

A

forms weak bonds that break and can reheal. high ph will delay the XL

50
Q

metallix xl

A

form strong bonds. links to not heal-irreversible

51
Q

YF100Flex

A

non-delayed
temp range-100-225
tolerant to salts

52
Q

YF100FlexD

A

Delayed fluid
temp range-175-300
xl ph - 6-8

53
Q

Delay mech of flex d

A

ulexite dissolves slowly @ high ph and dissolves quickly at low ph
J511 can be used

54
Q

when would you want to use foam

A

to get good FL, water sensitive zones less room for prop

55
Q

shear rates for api

56
Q

J638 and FR

A

can be combined due to charge diff that cause sludge like material

57
Q

HiWay

A

BHST<300

optimized conductivity, rapid clean up, decreased chance of screenout

58
Q

CST

A

indication of filter cake permeability

high cst value means low permeability

59
Q

what breaker types cannot be mixed together

A

bromates, persulfonates

60
Q

matrix stim pumped….

A

below fracture gradient

61
Q

low temp breaker

62
Q

mid temp breaker

63
Q

high temp breaker

A

J481 live, J490 EB

64
Q

Delay mech 500lph

65
Q

delay mech flex d

66
Q

delay mech 300lph

67
Q

what do high levels of Fe in frac fluids cause

A

catalyze breakers

68
Q

cl indicator

A

potassium chromate - silver nitrate

69
Q

adv of low ph system

A

prevents scale of ca and mg hydroxidea by keeping them in solution

70
Q

what so breaker do

A

increase prop pack permeability

71
Q

mech affecting EB release

A

Time
temp
crush
hydrostatic release

72
Q

Thermafrac specs

A

ph range 9.8 to 10.5
temp range 200-375
combines borate and zirc xl for shear tolerance and higher temp application

73
Q

benefit of VES system

A

higher retained conductivity

74
Q

Guar adds

75
Q

Hpg add

76
Q

Cmhpg add

Sample Analysis (1 decks)

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