Secret Police

Question 1

How did Yagoda expand the use of the OGPU?

Answer 1

Lubyanka torturing
OGPU merged with NKVD 1934
Arrested Party members linked with Trotsky

Question 2

What happened to the Gulag under Yagoda?

Answer 2

Rapid expansion
White Sea canal(10,000 deaths)
Gulag used as a system of forced labour

Question 3

How many people did Yezhov kill?

Answer 3

1.5 million (10%of male population)

Question 4

What type of people were targeted in the Yezhovshina?

Answer 4

95% rich white men

Question 5

What changes did Beria make to the Gulag?

Answer 5

Wanted to make the Gulag more profitable for Soviet economy

Question 6

How much did economic activity grow in the Gulag under Beria?

Answer 6

2 billion roubles in 1937 to 4.5 billion roubles in 1940

Question 7

How did the NKVD change when Beria replaced Yezhov?

Answer 7

Interrogations only made when evidence was found

Question 8

What happened in 1942 to the Kalmyks?

Answer 8

Mass deportation as Stalin feared they would welcome German invasion (53,000/130,000 survived)

Question 9

What was SMERSH and how many poles did they kill?

Answer 9

Branch of secret police used to root out hostile elements in Red Army, 4000 killed 1943

Question 10

What and when was the Leningrad Affair?

Answer 10

1949, Purge against launched by Stalin in Leningrad Party, 200 Party members arrested

Question 11

What and when was the Mingrelian Affair?

Answer 11

1951, Purge of Party in Georgia (Mingrelian ethnicity )

Question 12

What was the Doctor’s Plot?

Answer 12

Anti-semitic movement due to an attempt to poison Stalin

Question 13

Why was Beria arrested and executed in 1953?

Answer 13

He controlled the secret police, espionage and Gulag system (tremendous power)

Question 14

How did the secret police change after Beria?

Answer 14

Firmly under Party control
Khrushchev dismantled Gulag system and Lubyanka
No return of mass terror

Question 15

What were the 5 types of dissidents?

Answer 15

Political, religious, refuseniks, nationalists and intellectuals

Question 16

What actions were taken against dissidents?

Answer 16

Surveillance and harassment, internal exile, arrest, warnings, psychiatry

Question 17

How many political prisoners were there by the 1970’s?

Answer 17

10,000

Question 18

What was the criminal code of 1960?

Answer 18

Abolished night time interrogations and limited KGB power

Question 19

Who was Sakharov? What were his achievements and what happened to him?

Answer 19

Nuclear fissicist, creator of hydrogen bomb and wrote my country my world, Internal exile into Gorky 1980

Question 20

Who wasSolzhenitsyn? What were his achievements and what happened to him?

Answer 20

Member of Russian Orthodox Church, Wrote Gulag Archipelago, forced into exile to America in 1973

Question 21

What was the Samizdat?

Answer 21

Illegal, self published materials that were publicised in the West

Question 22

How did the 1948 UN Declaration on Human Rights affect the USSR’s treatment of dissidents?

Answer 22

Committed all members of state to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms

Question 23

How did the Helsinki Agreement of 1975 affect the USSR’s treatment of dissidents?

Answer 23

Committed countries across Europe to respect human rights, Dissidents used this to show that treatment of dissidents was in breach of Soviet obligations

Question 24

What was the law and order campaign?

Answer 24

1979, policies introduced to fix growing non-conformity, (Afghanistan and economic decline)

Question 25

What happened in 1968 ate Red square?

Answer 25

7 people showed up to the protest

Question 26

What changes did Andropov make to reduce the economic decline?

Answer 26

Visited factories, promoted younger members to theParty, anti alcholosim and abseentism, discipline