Secret Police Flashcards
Names of the secret police
Cheka, OGPU, NKVD, KGB
Roles of the Cheka 1917- 21
- gran req, helped close down newspapers etc…
During great terror: how many shot
200,000
Why did Cheka independence increase
so during civil war: act quickly
after the Civil War : Cheka organised into …
OGPU
After the civil war: did terror increase or decrease
decrease
what did the Cheka do after civil war
- red army under surveillance
- priests killed - 1000 , NEPMEN
- deportation to Gulag - intellectuals
What was the Trial of Socialists Revs
in 1922 - 22 killled
Stalin: how many ppl killed in purges
20 million
3 main secrett police leaders under St
yagoda, yezhov, beria
When did Yagoda came to power
1934
what happened during Yagoda
- rapid expansion of Gulag - industrialise
White Sea Cannal?
- 180,000 prisoners, 10,000 died
when was Yagoda arrested
1938
when was Yagoda killed
1938 by Yezhov
Yezhov come to power
1937
How was yezhov called
bloody dwarf
number of detectives….
quadripled
what was the conveyor belt
speeded up process of arrest, trial, imprisonment
Karelian Troika … how many prisoner per day
231
Period of Yezhovschina
1937- 38
Yezhovschina: how many arrested & executed
1.5m arrested –> 600,000 executed
Yezhovschina: % of male pop killed
10
Yezhovschina: how many personnel in how many months
3,000 in 6 months
Yezhovschina: Impacts
- stalin - stronger than ever - loyalty
- demoralised pop
- extent of control - unsustainable
When was Yezhov arrested
1938
When was Yezhov killed
1940 by Beria
Stalin used Yezhov as a ….
Scapegoat
When did Beria come to power
- 1938- head of the NKVD
what happened to the extent of terror with Beria
- reduced ( public trials, only w/ solid evidence)
Focus of Beria
productivity of labour camps
reforms of Beria
- introduced better food in labour camps
- no early release in gulags
Beria: how much gold came from gulag
- 1/ 3
during WW2: what did the secret police do
- surveillance of red army
what was Smersh
during WW2 - special department to root out traitors - 4,000 poles
after WW2: 3 events
- Lenningrad Affaire 1949
- Mingrellian Affaire 1951
- 1.5m soviet prisoners of war interrogated
when did Andropov come to power in secret police
1967
who were dissidents
people who criticised the soviet gov
4 type of dissidents
- nationalists
- religious
- intellectuals
- politicians
2 intellectuals and wrote what books
- Sakharov - Ussr and the world - peace Nobel prize
- Solzhenitsyn - Gulag Archipiélago - nobel lit prize
dissidents: religion that faced restrictions
- Baptists, Refuseniks
actions taken against dissidents
- surveillance and harrasments
- psychiatric hosps
- prevention
- internas exile
- inmigration
how many pol prisoners 1970s
- 10,000
what was the new criminal code
- no night time interrogations
- secret police: - declare financial assets - no corruption
- promoted en base of their success in dealing w/ dissidents
who was sent to internal exile and where
- Sakharov to Gorky
who was sent to immigrate
- Solzhenitsyn to USA
When was the law & oder campaign introduced
1979
why was law & order campaign introduced?
- eco slowdown
- war Afghanistan
- corruption
impact of dissidents
- no threat to pol & soc stability
- leaked to the west - bag image
why were there reasons for concern ?
this lead to ….
- citizens saw slow improvements in standards of living
- low wages
this lead to - alcoholism, poor labour discipline, black market
what was operation trawl
method to control work absenteeism
