secondary info lab Flashcards
1
Q
cervical enlargement
A
sensory and motor neurons for the UPPER LIMB
2
Q
lumbar enlargement
A
sensory and motor neurons for the LOWER LIMB
3
Q
rootlets from a single spinal cord converge to
A
form a ROOT
4
Q
medial end of clavicle also called
A
sternal
5
Q
musculocutaneous nerve arises from
A
lateral cord and INNERVATES ANTERIOR compartment of arm
6
Q
median nerve arises from
A
medial and lateral cords
INNERVATES ALL but 1 1/2 muscles of anterior FOREARM
all thenar muscles and first 2 lumbricals
7
Q
ulnar nerve arises from
A
medial cord and inervates 1 1/2 m of FOREARM
ALL but 5 muscles in HAND
8
Q
axillary nerve arises from
A
posterior cord and innervates deltoid and teres minor m
9
Q
radial nerve
A
arise from posterior cord and innervates TRICEPS
branches innervate POSTERIOR compartment of FOREARM
10
Q
how does ULNAR nerve relate to funny bone
A
wraps around medial epicondyle
11
Q
long thoracic nerve formed by which branches
A
from branches of roots C5, C6, C7
12
Q
medial pectoral nerve
A
innervates the pectoralis major m and pectprais minior m
13
Q
medial brachial cuteaneous
A
provide SENSORY innervation to the skin on the medial side of the arm
14
Q
medial antebrachial cuteanous
A
SENSORY innervation to skin og the medial side of FOREARM
15
Q
alterante names for thoracodorsal n
A
middle subscapular, nerve to latissimus dorsi, thoracodorsal n
16
Q
what does cephalic vein drain into
A
axillary v
17
Q
subscapular artery branches into
A
circumflex artery and thoracodorsal a
18
Q
in the forearm, what does the ulnar nerve innervate
A
flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
18
Q
when does subclavian a become axillary a
A
passing the first rib
19
Q
how many tendons run deep to flexor retinaculum
A
4 FDP
4 FDS
1 flexor policis longus
20
Q
extensor compartment of forearm generally
A
extend the wrist and MCP joints
21
Q
when does basilic vein become axillary vein
A
at inferior border of teres major
22
Q
if you lose the radial nerve can you still adduct and abduct
A
yes, flexors
flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis
23
Q
superficial palmar arterial arch branches from
A
ulnar artery
24
radial artery gives off
deep palmar arterial arch
25
26
Each rib articulates with
It’s corresponding numbered THORACIC vertebra at the articular (costal) facet as well as it SUPERIOR DEMIFACET and INFERIOR DEMIFACET of the SUPERIOR VERTEBRA
27
Superior thoracic aperture
1st ribs, maubrium of the sternum, and 1st thoracic vertebra
28
Inferior thoracic aperture
Xiphoid process, common costal cartilage, floating ribs, and 12th thoracic vertebra
29
External intercostal muscles
Most active during inspiration
30
Internal intercostal muscles
Most active during expiration
31
What separates the most innermost intercostal muscles, and the internal intercostal muscles
Neurovascular bundles
32
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries arise from
Descending aorta
33
Where do the anterior, intercostal arteries arise from
Internal thoracic arteries
34
intercostal nerves are the
Ventral primary rami of the thoracic. Spinal nerves. T1 through T 11.
They provide motor innervation to the intercostal muscles, and sensory innervation to the skin of the thorax
35
Diaphragmatic hernia vs hiatal hernia
A "diaphragmatic hernia" refers to any hernia that occurs when an organ pushes through a weakness in the diaphragm, while a "hiatal hernia" is a specific type of diaphragmatic hernia where part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus (the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through)
36
What is the principal muscle of respiration
The thoracic diaphragm accounts for 80% of respiratory activity during Quiet breathing
37
Accessory muscles of inspiration
Pec major, minor, serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles
38
Accessory muscles of expiration
Rectus abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, quadratus lumborum
39
Superior mediastinum extends
From superior thoracic aperture to the sternal angle
40
Where is the thymus located
In superior mediastinum
41
Contents of anterior mediastinum
Fat, lymph nodes, inferior part of the thymus gland
42
Posterior mediastinum is the space communicating between
Superior mediastinum and abdominal cavity
43
Thoracic duct drains
Lymph from all regions of the body except the right upper limb and right half of the head and neck
44
Azygous vein
Forms a venous anastomosis between the SVC and IVC
45
Rectus sheath encloses Rectus abdominis muscles, it is a continuation
Of aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles that lie lateral to the Rectus abdominis
46
Where do the inferior epigastric arteries branch from
External iliac arteries
47
Superior epigastric arteries branch from
Internal thoracic arteries
48
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are involved in a variety of actions, including
Valsalva maneuver, protection of abdominal viscera, anterior and lateral flexión of the trunk
49
Iliohypogastric nerve
Emerges lateral to Psoas major muscle
50
Ilioinguinal nerve
Passes through the inguinal canal and supplies cutaneous innervation in the perineum
51
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Passes beneath the inguinal ligament to supply sensation to the lateral thigh
52
Genitofemoral nerve
Pierces the Psoas major m
Genitalia branches passes through the inguinal canal to innervate the cremaster muscle and skin of the scrotum in males, or the labia females
Femoral branch provides sensory innervation to the proximal anterior thigh
53
Femoral nerve
Lies between the Psoas major and the iliacus muscles
Passes beneath the inguinal ligament and into the anterior thigh, where it provides sensory and motor innervation
54
Obturator nerve
Passes through the obturator foramen at the medial border of the Psoas major muscle
Provides sensory and motor innervation to the medial thigh
55
Lumbosacral trunk
Consists of L4 and L5 on their way to sacral plexus
56
Inguinal ligament is the inferior part
Of the aponeurosis of the EXTERNAL OBLIQUE muscle and attaches to the ASIS and pubic tubercle
57
What does the inguinal canal transmit
Transmits spermatic cord or the round ligament
58
What is the arch formed by
Internal oblique and Transversus abdominis
59
What does the conjoint tendon do
Attaches the internal obliques and Transversus abdominis to the body of the pubis
Reinforces the superficial inguinal ring
60
indirect hernia
ENTER deep inguinal ring
MAY travel through part of or the entire length of the inguinal canal
neck of hernial sac will lie lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
usually seen in younger individuals
61
direct inguinal hernia
pushing through the medial end of the inguinal canal though the inguinal triangle
neck of hernial sac will lie medial to inferior epigastric vessels due to course taken by hernia
direct hernia is most often acquired late in life after the abdominal musculature has been weakened by lack of exercise
62
what portions does the peritoneum have
visceral and parietal portions
visceral directly invests the organs
parietal lines the body wall
63
peritoneal
suspended
64
retroperitoneal
organ covered in peritoneum get pushed against posterior wall
FIXED to wall
65
lesser sac lies
behind the lesser omentum, stomach, and liver
66
small intestine mesentery ("the mesentery")
small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
67
lesser omentum
liver to the stomach and duodenum
68
greater omentum
greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
69
transverse mesocolon
transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
70
scrotum is
pouch of skin and smooth muscle with several layers derived from the layers of the anterior abdominal wall
71
cryptorchidism
1 or both testes fail to descend before birth
sterility and testicular cancer
72
hydrocele
swelling in scrotum
serous fluid collects in tunica vaginalis cavity
73
what do the hepatic veins drain into
inferior vena cava
74
relationship of spleen to ribs
spleen and ribs 9-11
75
is the spleen enclosed completely in peritoneum
no, enclosed in peritoneum except at the hilum, where it is in contact with he tail of the pancreas
76
note the relationship of kidneys to vertebra
L1-L4
right kidney lower than left
77
sites where kidney stones can get lodged
where the pelvis narrows to become the ureter
where the ureter bends over the iliac vessells to drop into the pelvis
where the ureter passes into the bladded
78
adrenal (suprarenal) glands
right- triangular
left- semilunar
79
hiatal hernia
occurs when part of the stomach pushes through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.
80
which parts of duodenum are retroperitoneal
2, 3, 4 (descending, horizontal, ascending part)
81
is ascending colon retro?
yes it is retroperineal
82
foregut
esophagus through the proximal duodenum
supplied by celiac trunk and its branches
83
midgut
mid duodenum throuhgh the mid transverse colon
supplied by superior mesenteric artery and its branches
84
hindgut
distal transverse colon through the rectum
supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches
85
left gastric artery
supplies lesser curvature of the stomach
anastamoses with the right gastric artery
86
splenic artery
supplies the spleen
short gastric aa
left gastroomental a
87
common hepatic artery branches
proper hepatic and gastroduodenal artery
88
portal caval anastomoses
esophageal plexus of veins, umbilical plexus of veins, rectal plexus of veins
89
where do the hepatic veins drain into
IVC
90
ilium vs ileum
ileum is a part of the small intestine, while the ilium is a part of the hip bone
91
what foramina are formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
sciatic foramen
greater and lesser sciatic foramen
92
false pelvis
above pelvis brim
93
true pelvis
below pelvic brim
94
dilation of esophageal plexus
Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat and stomach.
95
dilation of umbilical plexus
CAPUT MEDUSAE
Caput medusae is the appearance of distended and engorged superficial epigastric veins, which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen.
96
dilation of rectal plexus of veins
hemoroids
