Secondary drive theory

Question 1

Harlow

Answer 1

1968

16 monkeys taken and placed in cage with two mock mother monkeys

1 - wire dispensed milk to feed monkeys, 2 - cloth

Time spent with each mother recorded and behaviour observed while frightening them

Learning theory predicts infant monkey would spend time with wire as pleasure associated with food

Question 2

Harlow findings

Answer 2

17-18 hours clinging to cloth, only going to wire to feed (<1 hour)

Cuddled soft monkey and sought comfort when frightened

Comfort more important to monkeys than food

Question 3

Harlow conc

Answer 3

Behaviour suggests attachments not formed through association between PAF and food

Attachments at least partly explained through contact comfort

Question 4

Lorenz

Answer 4

1952

After hatching: M - followed and continued to follow natural mother, same for L

I - followed no one even after natural mother reintroduced

Question 5

L conc

Answer 5

Imprinting - infants follow first animal they see moving after hatching

Ability to imprint must be innate as it occurred immediately after hatching

Question 6

Critical period

Answer 6

Time frame in which attachment is most likely to develop

If prevented, attachment is unlikely to occur at all

In geese, 20 hours