Second World War (factors) Flashcards
According to the postwar economic difficulties faced by Germany, fill in the blanks with suitable answers.
According to the Treaty of Versailles, a great sum of Germany’s ______________ were taken away as reparations
—> aggravate problems like ___________ and ___________
According to the Treaty of Versailles, a great sum of Germany’s iron and coal mine were taken away as reparations
—> aggravate problems like hyperinflation and unemployment
According to the postwar economic difficulties faced by Germany, fill in the blanks.
France and _______ jointly occupied ________ in _____ when Germany was unable to pay the huge sum of reparations. Although they withdrew their troops in ______, this still exploited Germany’s industrial and economic recovery severely.
France and Belgium jointly occupied Ruhr Valley in 1923 when Germany was unable to pay the huge sum of reparations. Although they withdrew their troops in 1925, this still exploited Germany’s industrial and economic recovery severely.
How did the misjudgements of Weimar Republic add fuel to the postwar economic difficulties faced by Germany.
- The Weimar Republic adopted ___________ in light of the economic hardship, such as cutting social welfare and ____________ in prices to enhance ____________.
—> unemployment of Germany surged from _____ million in _____ to 6 million in ________
- The Weimar Republic adopted deflationary policies in light of the economic hardship, such as cutting social welfare and compulsory decrease in prices to enhance the competitiveness of German products.
—> unemployment of Germany surged from 1.32 million in 1929 to 6 million in 1933
Explain how the Great Depression place Germany’s economy on the edge of a collapse by filling in the blanks.
- US halted her economic aid programs like ________ in _____. As a result, Britian and France pressed Germany to _________ to alleviate their ________.
- US halted her economic aid programs like Dawns Plans and Young Plans in 1929. As a result, Britian and France pressed Germany to repay war reparations to alleviate their economic recession.
Fill in the blanks.
The _______ rose to power in _______ in Italy, this shows that the the unfair settlements in the PPC contributed to the rise of totalitarianism.
The Fascist Party rose to power in 1922 in Italy, this shows that the the unfair settlements in the PPC contributed to the rise of totalitarianism.
Below is a description of the Weimar Republic, fill in the missing information.
The Weimar Republic was founded in _________ before the official surrender of Germany. It never had legitimacy and recognition from German people as Germany was a country submerged in a _________________, democratic republic was regarded as _______________
The Weimar Republic was founded in October 1918 before the official surrender of Germany. It never had legitimacy and recognition from German people as Germany was a country submerged in a strong dictatorial and monarchical tradition, democratic republic was regarded as an entirely foreign-imposed political system.
Owing to the short-lived __________, democracy was considered as an ineffectual political system. For instance, _______ was formed in the period of _______ in Italy and ______ were formed in Germany. There wasn’t a single party that was able to secure a majority of seats in __________The frequent change in government has shattered people’s confidence in democracy.
Owing to the short-lived coalition government, democracy was considered as an ineffectual political system. For instance, 5 coalition governments was formed in the period of 1918-1922 in Italy and 21 cabinets were formed in Germany. There wasn’t a single party that was able to secure a majority of seats in German Reichstag. The frequent change in government has shattered people’s confidence in democracy.
Totalitarian regimes has concluded invasive alliances with each other to strengthen cooperations and encourage each other to carry out military expansion for their national glory.
For instance, ____________ Axis was formed between Germany and _______ in 1936
while the _____________ Axis was formed in 1937 while the ____________ was signed between _________ in ___ to ______
For instance, Berlin-Rome Axis was formed between Germany and Italy in 1936
while the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis was formed in 1937 while the Pact of Steel was signed between Germany and Italy in 1940 to ensure mutual support in wars against Allied powers
The rise of totalitarianism also undermine the legitimacy of the collective security system. For instance, ____________ withdrew from League of Nations in 1933 while ______ Italy withdrew from the league in _______
The rise of totalitarianism also undermine the legitimacy of the collective security system. For instance, Japan and Nazi Germany withdrew from League of Nations in 1933 while Fascist Italy withdrew from the league in 1937.
When was the Locarno Treaty signed ?
1925
What were the signatory states of the Locarno Treaty (1925) ? Categorise these countries based on their war status and geographical location.
(Western Europe) Victorious Powers: Britain, France, Belgium, Italy
(Central Europe) Defeated Powers: Germany
(Eastern Europe) New national states: Poland, Czechoslovakia
Fill in the blanks according to the terms of the Locarno Treaty (1925)
All boundary conflicts between Germany ___________should be peacefully settled with the assistance of the _________________
All boundary conflicts between Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia should be peacefully settled with the assistance of the Permanent Court of International Peace
What did the terms in the Locarno Treaty signify ? Fill in the blanks.
- acceptance and recognition for Germany international status.
e.g. Germany was admitted to ____________ as a permanent member of the Council in ________
—> alleviate its hostile feelings towards the _______ in light of the ______________
Fill in the blanks.
According to the Treaty of Versailles, West Prussia, _________ were given to Poland so that she could gain _______ to the ______. The Corridor separate ________ from the Germany.
–> This make _______ Germans come under the governance of the _______ government.
According to the Treaty of Versailles, West Prussia,Posen(poison) and a part of Upper Silesia** were given to Poland so that she could gain a corridor to the Baltic Sea. The Corridor separate East Prussia from the Germany.
–> This make 10 million Germans come under the governance of the Polish government.
Fill in the blanks
According to the Treaty of Versailles, _________ were taken away and would be ruled by ________ under the mandate of __________
According to the Treaty of Versailles, all oversea colonies were taken away and would be ruled by victorious powers under the mandate of **League of Nations”
Fill in the blanks
According to the Treaty of_________, Czechoslovakia and ___________were created out of AR under the principle of national self-determination.
–> The principle wasn’t applied to the _________ living in the _______ because they were placed under the rule of_________ –> treated unfairly
According to the Treaty of St. Germain, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created out of AR under the principle of national self-determination.
–> The principle wasn’t applied to the 3 million Germans living in the Sudetenland because they were placed under the rule of Czech government –> treated unfairly
According to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost _____of her territories, ___ of her coal, ____ of her people, ____ of her iron
According to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost 13% of her territories, 10% of her coal, 12% of her people, 48% of her iron
According to the Treaty of St.Germanin, AR was forced to cede the _____ to Poland, _________ to Italy, and some territories in Balkan Peninsula to _______________
According to the Treaty of St.Germanin, AR was forced to cede the Galicia to Poland, Istria and the southern Tyrol to Italy, and some territories in Balkan Peninsula to Romania and Yugoslavia.
Explain the importance of creating small nation states in Europe.
Creation of small nation states in ______ –> create a buffer zone between Russia and Western Europe –> reducing threat of Russia –> ____________.
Creation of small nation states in Baltics –> create a buffer zone between Russia and Western Europe –> reducing threat of Russia –> checking and preventing its expansion.
After the October Revolution (1917), new independent states like Finland, ______________ were given independence from Russia’s administartion.
After the October Revolution (1917), new independent states like Finland, Estonia, Lativa and Li/thua/nia were given independence from Russia’s administartion.
Italy switched to ________ in ______ in hopes of getting _______ after the war ended, however they receive ________ instead
IItaly switched to Allied Power in 1915 in hopes of getting Dalmantia and Fiume after the war ended, however they receive Tyrol and Istria instead
League of Nation succeeded in settling territorial conflicts between nation states such as disputes between _______ and ______ over the Aaland Islands. Condemnations was proposed to G_____ invasion of ______ in _____.
Sweden and Finland over the Aaland Islands. Condemnations was proposed to Greek invasion of Bulgaria in 1925.
The League of nation was in lack of support and participation of teh major powers since its founding in 1920, for instance
*The communist_______ was not invited till _____, her membership was cancelled given the conclusion of the ________with Germany in _______
*Germany was not invited to join until _________
–> ______ alone need to bear the burden of peacekeeping
*The communist Soviet Union was not invited till 1934, her membership was cancelled given the conclusion of the Nazi-Societ Non-Aggression Pact with Germany in 1939
*Germany was not invited to join until 1926
–> France and Britian alone need to bear the burden of peacekeeping
What were the limitations of the League of Nations:
*Loopholes in __________ mechanism
*Lack an effective ________
*_______ of the _____ powers
Loopholes in the decision-making mechanism
Lack an effective punishment mechanism
Insufficient participation of the major powers
What were the examples of failure of league of nations in maintaining the world peace in 1930s ?
*Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936 –> only condemn _________
*puppet state in china, this shows that the requirements cannot be fulfilled under the supervision of chian and other natiojs
USSR and Germany sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in _______ to divide ______ secretly.
USSR and Germany sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in August 1939 to divide Poland secretly.
What were the participating nations of the Washington Conference ?
United States, Britian, France, China, Italy, B______, the N_____, _________
United States, Britian, France, China, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal
During the Washington Conference in _______, treaties regading naval disarmament and interests in Pacific region such as Four Power Pact, Five Power Pact, and the Nine Power Pact were signed.
–> a ten-year agreement fixed the ratio of battleships at ______ for USA, Britian and Japan respectively. Smaller limits with a ratio of 1.67 applied to France and Italy.
During the Washington Conference in _______, treaties regading naval disarmament and interests in Pacific region such as Four Power Pact, Five Power Pact, and the Nine Power Pact were signed.
–> a ten-year agreement fixed the ratio of battleships at ______ for USA, Britian and Japan respectively. Smaller limits with a ratio of 1.67 applied to France and Italy.
Explain the significance of the Washington Conference (1921-1922)
*Only fix the ratio of capital ships and aircraft carriers and no limitation was imposed on other kinds of warships, army and airforce
*Lack a clear punishment mechanism
*Only fix the ratio of capital ships and aircraft carriers and no limitation was imposed on other kinds of warships, army and airforce
*Lack a clear punishment mechanism
Three nations, which were the _______ joined the _____ Naval Conference in 19____.
Three nations, which were the United States, Britian and Japan joined the London Naval Conference in 1930.
The _____ Naval Conference fixed the ratio of small ___ and destroyers at ________ and big ______ at _______,
Nations should kept the same amount of submarines and suspend the building of capital ships till_______.
The London Naval Conference fixed the ratio of small cruisers and destroyers at 10:10:7 and big cruisers at 5:5:3,
Nations should kept the same amount of submarines and suspend the building of capital ships till 1936.
Limitation of London Naval Conference (1930)
A decision that if any country started to expand its navy, the others could expand theirs for self-defense reason was made.
The _____ (_____) was joined by ____ nations worldwide to achieve general disarmament. It was recalled in the _____but Germany had already withdrawn from the League.
–> _______ accelerated –> Germany started its rearmament program in 1______.
The Geneva Conference (1932-1934) was joined by 61 nations worldwide to achieve general disarmament. It was recalled in the October 1933 but Germany had already withdrawn from the League.
–> armament races accelerated –> Germany started its rearmament program in 1935.
Below is a description of the appeasement policy.
Britian and France allowed Germany to annex the ________ (a part of ___) by reaching a consensus in the ________ Conference (_______)
Anglo-German _____ (19___): Total ____ of the German navy was to be increased from _____ of that of the British ______
Britian and France allowed Germany to annex the sudetenland by reaching a consensus in the Munich Conference (30th September 1938)
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935): Total tonnage of the German navy was to be increased from 6% to 35% of that of the British navy
in the 18th september incident of _____, Leagte only sent the ______ to look into China’s case. –> condemnation issued –> japan ignorance –< leave the league in _____
_________ Incident in 19___, only declare Japanese acts of aggression violated ______ and ask its members not to further ____ China
in the 18th september incident of 1931, Leagte only sent teh Lytton Commission to look into China’s case. –> condemnation issued –> japan ignorance –< leave the league in 1933
Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, only declare Japanese acts of aggression violated international agreements and ask its members not to further weaken China
League of Nation fail to halt the Italian aggression in Abyssinia
Italy invaded _______ –> condemnation + economic sanctions –> no sanctions on _______ –> _____ its economic sanctions on Italy
League of Nation fail to halt the Italian aggression in Abyssinia
Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935 –> condemnation + economic sanctions –> no sanctions on strategic materials –> lifted its economic sanctions on Italy
