Second Test Study Guide

Question 1

Hume defends the regularity theory.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Russell defends the INUS theory.

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

Mackie defends the NS theory.

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

The Regularity Theory:

Answer 4

For any events c and e, c is a cause of e only if, and because, all c-type events are followed by e-type events.

Question 5

The INUS Theory:

Answer 5

For any events c and e, c is a cause of e only if, and because, c is an INUS condition for e.

Question 6

c is an INUS condition for e =df:

Answer 6

there is some condition (or set of conditions), z, such that:

(i) c is insufficient for e,
(ii) z is insufficient for e,
(iii) c & z is unnecessary for e, and
(iv) c & z is sufficient for e

Question 7

The NS Theory:

Answer 7

For any events c and e, c is a cause of e only if, and because, c is a necessary part of a sufficient condition for e.

Question 8

Lewis defends the counterfactual theory.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

The Counterfactual Theory:

Answer 9

For any events c and e, c is a cause of e only if, and because, there is a causal chain running from c to e.

Question 10

A finite series of events is a causal chain =df:

Answer 10

Each member of the series depends causally on its predecessor.

Question 11

Paul defends the process theory.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

A counterfactual, C > E, is true only if, and because:

Answer 12

The closest world at which C is true is also one in which E is true.

Question 13

A finite series of events is a probabilistic chain (or Pr-chain) =df:

Answer 13

Each member of the series depends probabilistically on its predecessor.

Question 14

The Probabilistic Theory:

Answer 14

For any events c and e, c is a cause of e only if, and because there is a probabilistic chain running from c to e.