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Chem 122 > Second Test > Flashcards

Second Test Flashcards

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0
Q

LCP-add product

A

Reaction should shift to consume product

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1
Q

LCP- add reactant

A

Reaction should shift to consume some of the reactant

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2
Q

LCP-decrease volume

A

Increases pressure of gasses, system will respond trying to reduce pressure, shift toward side with less moles.

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3
Q

LCP- increase volume

A

Shift toward side with more moles

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4
Q

LCP- increase pressure

A

(Like added inert gas) would cause no change

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5
Q

LCP-increase temperature (endothermic

A

Increases the equilibrium constant K, shifts toward products (shift toward the endothermic reaction)

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6
Q

LCP-increase temp (exothermic

A

K decreases, shift toward reactants (the endothermic pathway)

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7
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

Start with a reaction at equilibrium. Stress the equilibrium. The reaction will return to equilibrium so as to offset the stress.

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8
Q

What does boiling point depend on?

A

Applied pressure

Substance

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9
Q

Vapor pressure is a ____.

A

Constant for a given liquid and temp

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10
Q

Vapor pressure does not depend on…

A

Volume of the container

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11
Q

What determines the rate of condensation?

A

The gas density (determined by pressure)

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12
Q

What determines the rate of evaporation?

A

Temperature

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13
Q

For every temperature there’s only one ____ that will allow the rates of condensation and evaporation to be equal.

A

Pressure

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14
Q

For every pressure there’s only one ____ that will allow the rates of condensation and evaporation to be equal.

A

Temperature

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15
Q

The boiling point of a substance occurs where the vapor pressure is equal to the…

A

Applied pressure (or atmospheric pressure)

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16
Q

Higher rate of evaporation =

A

Vapor pressure is higher

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17
Q

Higher vapor pressure =

A

Lower boiling point

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18
Q

What causes a higher rate of evaporation?

A

Weaker IMFs

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19
Q

Boiling point varies with the strength of ____ in the liquid

A

IMFs

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20
Q

High BP means ____ IMFs

A

Strong

21
Q

Low BP means _____ IMFs

A

Weak

22
Q

Boiling point increases as we go _____ a group in the periodic table

A

Down

23
Q

Molecules without ____ have low boiling points

A

Dipoles

24
Q

An atom with more electrons and protons will have larger…

A

London dispersion forces

25
Q

Hydorgen bond IMFs occur when…

A

The lone pairs on one molecule attract the hydrogen on another molecule

26
Q

Hydrogen bonding causes ____ BP

A

High

27
Q

Dispersion forces are greater than dipole-dipole forces when….

A

The two molecules are very different sizes

28
Q

Dipole-dipole forces are greater than dispersion forces when…

A

The molecules are similar in size

29
Q

Vapor pressure of solution is ____ than Pvap of pure solvent

A

Lower

30
Q

Adding solute _____ Pvap

A

Decreases

31
Q

Adding solute to a solvent…

A

Lowers rate of evaporation, which lowers rate of condensation and lowers vapor pressure

32
Q

Adding solute ____ BP, by _____

A

Raises, lowering Pvap

33
Q

The more volatile component will be more present in….

A

The vapor phase

34
Q

Adding solute to pure solvent ____ the freezing point

A

Lowers

35
Q

Melting ____ affected by adding a solute to solution

A

Is not initially

36
Q

Rate of ____ is lowered when solute is added to solvent

A

Freezing

37
Q

Rate of melting is lowered to reach equilibrium with the lowered rate of freezing by…

A

Lowering temperature at which the liquid melts/freezes

38
Q

Q greater than K

A

shift toward reactants

39
Q

Q less than K

A

shift toward products

40
Q

Q=K

A

reaction at equilibrium

41
Q

Gas to Solid

A

Deposition

42
Q

Solid to Gas

A

Sublimation

43
Q

Solid to Liquid

A

Melting (fusion)

44
Q

Liquid to Solid

A

Freezing

45
Q

Liquid to Gas

A

Evaporation (Vaporization)

46
Q

Gas to Liquid

A

Condensation

47
Q

Exothermic phase changes

A

Condensation, Freezing, Deposition

49
Q

Endothermic phase changes

A

Evaporation, Melting, Sublimation

50
Q

Henry’s Law

A

At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.

Chem 122 (8 decks)

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