Second Stage Flashcards
What is a baroreceptor? (2mks)
Detects pressure e.g blood pressure and responds to these changes
What is a chemoreceptor? (2mks)
Detects changes in the bloods CO2 and O2 levels and responds to these changes
What is surfactant?(2mks)
Reduces the surface tension of the alveoli and helps to keep them open
What are the 8 mechanisms of labour? (8mks)
1) Descent
2) Flexion
3) Internal rotation of the head
4) Crowning
5) Extension
6) Restitution
7) External Rotation
8) Lateral Flexion
What happens in descent? (2mks)
The baby’s head enters the mothers pelvis
What happens in Flexion? (2mks)
As descent occurs the baby tucks its chin in to make the smallest diameter when coming through the pelvis
What is internal rotation of the head? (2mks)
The contractions and maternal effort of pushing help the baby’s head reach the pelvic floor and it turn when it reaches the pelvic floor allowing vertex to emerge from the mother first
Describe crowning (3mks)
The vertex starts to advance and for a short period of time there is progression and regression and the eventually the occipital will come under the public arch and the head will crown and not recede anymore
Describe extension (2mks)
The fetal forehead face and chin “sweep” the perineum
Describe restitution (2mks)
The baby’s head when it’s born either turns to the left or right side depending on the position of the shoulders
Describe external rotation (2mks)
Where the shoulders rotate internally and the baby positions itself in the anterior-posterior position
Describe lateral flexion (3mks)
Where the head restitutes back into alignment with the shoulders and the uppermost anterior shoulder is delivered under the pubic arch followed by the posterior shoulder and the baby is delivered
What are some presumptive signs of 2nd stage? (6mks)
- expulsive contractions
- rupture of forewaters
- dilation/gaping anus
- appearance of presenting part
- a show
- congestion of vulva
