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ISEE MATH PREP > Second Stack > Flashcards

Second Stack Flashcards

1
Q

Pythagorean

A

a^2+b^2=c^2

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2
Q

Prime Numbers

A

A number greater than 1 with only two factors: 1 and itself.

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3
Q

Composite Numbers

A

A number greater than 1 that has more than two factors.

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4
Q

Integers

A

Whole numbers and their opposites, including zero.

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5
Q

Absolute Value

A

The distance of a number from zero on a number line.

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6
Q

Factors

A

Numbers you can multiply together to get another number.

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7
Q

Multiples

A

The result of multiplying a number by an integer.

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8
Q

Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

A

The largest factor shared by two or more numbers.

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9
Q

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

A

The smallest multiple shared by two or more numbers.

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10
Q

Exponents

A

A shorthand notation for repeated multiplication of the same factor.

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11
Q

Square Roots

A

A value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number.

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12
Q

Order of Operations (PEMDAS)

A

Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction.

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13
Q

Fractions

A

A way to represent parts of a whole, using a numerator and denominator.

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14
Q

Improper Fractions

A

A fraction where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator.

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15
Q

Mixed Numbers

A

A whole number and a fraction combined.

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16
Q

Decimal Conversion

A

Converting between fractions and decimals.

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17
Q

Rounding

A

Adjusting a number to be closer to an approximate value.

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18
Q

Percentages

A

A ratio that compares a number to 100.

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19
Q

Ratio

A

A comparison of two quantities by division.

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20
Q

Proportion

A

An equation that states two ratios are equivalent.

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21
Q

Mean

A

The average of a set of numbers.

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22
Q

Median

A

The middle number in a sorted list of numbers.

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23
Q

Mode

A

The number that appears most frequently in a data set.

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24
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set.

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25
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood of an event occurring, expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.

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26
Q

Basic Probability Formula

A

Probability = Favorable Outcomes / Total Outcomes.

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27
Q

Equations

A

Mathematical statements with an equality sign, expressing the equality of two expressions.

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28
Q

Expressions

A

A mathematical phrase combining numbers, variables, and operation symbols.

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29
Q

Linear Equations

A

An equation between two variables that produces a straight line when graphed.

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30
Q

Slope

A

The steepness of a line, calculated as rise over run.

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31
Q

Coordinate Plane

A

A two-dimensional plane formed by the intersection of a vertical y-axis and a horizontal x-axis.

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32
Q

Quadrants

A

The four sections of a coordinate plane.

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33
Q

Distance Formula

A

d = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²], used to find the distance between two points.

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34
Q

Midpoint Formula

A

((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2), finds the midpoint between two points.

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35
Q

Area of a Rectangle

A

A = length × width

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36
Q

Area of a Triangle

A

A = (base × height) / 2

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37
Q

Area of a Circle

A

A = π × radius²

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38
Q

Circumference of a Circle

A

C = 2 × π × radius or C = π × diameter

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39
Q

Perimeter

A

The total length of the sides of a two-dimensional shape.

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40
Q

Volume of a Cube

A

V = side³

41
Q

Volume of a Rectangular Prism

A

V = length × width × height

42
Q

Surface Area of a Cube

A

SA = 6 × side²

43
Q

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism

A

SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

44
Q

Right Triangle

A

A triangle with one 90° angle.

45
Q

Pythagorean Theorem

A

a² + b² = c², used to find the length of a side in a right triangle.

46
Q

Isosceles Triangle

A

A triangle with two equal sides and two equal angles.

47
Q

Equilateral Triangle

A

A triangle with all sides and angles equal.

48
Q

Parallelogram

A

A quadrilateral with opposite sides that are parallel and equal.

49
Q

Rhombus

A

A parallelogram with all sides equal.

50
Q

Trapezoid

A

A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.

51
Q

Angles

A

The space between two intersecting lines or surfaces.

52
Q

Complementary Angles

A

Two angles whose sum is 90°.

53
Q

Supplementary Angles

A

Two angles whose sum is 180°.

54
Q

Vertical Angles

A

Angles opposite each other when two lines intersect.

55
Q

Acute Angle

A

An angle that is less than 90°.

56
Q

Obtuse Angle

A

An angle that is more than 90° but less than 180°.

57
Q

Right Angle

A

An angle that is exactly 90°.

58
Q

Perpendicular Lines

A

Lines that intersect at a 90° angle.

59
Q

Parallel Lines

A

Lines in a plane that do not intersect.

60
Q

Integer Properties

A

Rules about positive, negative, and zero values.

61
Q

Multiplication and Division of Integers

A

Rules for multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers.

62
Q

Prime Factorization

A

Expressing a number as the product of its prime factors.

63
Q

Distributive Property

A

a(b + c) = ab + ac

64
Q

Associative Property

A

Changing the grouping does not affect the result: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

65
Q

Commutative Property

A

Changing the order does not affect the result: a + b = b + a

66
Q

Square Numbers

A

The product of a number multiplied by itself (e.g., 4 = 2²).

67
Q

Cube Numbers

A

The product of a number multiplied by itself twice (e.g., 8 = 2³).

68
Q

Scientific Notation

A

A way to express very large or small numbers (e.g., 3 × 10⁸).

69
Q

Exponential Growth

A

Growth whose rate becomes more rapid in proportion to the growing total.

70
Q

Exponent Rules

A

Rules for multiplying, dividing, and raising powers.

71
Q

Absolute Value Inequalities

A

Inequalities that involve the absolute value of a variable.

72
Q

Function

A

A relation where each input has a unique output.

73
Q

Domain

A

The set of all possible input values for a function.

74
Q

Range

A

The set of all possible output values for a function.

75
Q

Rate

A

A ratio comparing two different units (e.g., miles per hour).

76
Q

Unit Rate

A

A rate with a denominator of one (e.g., 5 miles per hour).

77
Q

Rational Numbers

A

Numbers that can be expressed as a fraction.

78
Q

Irrational Numbers

A

Numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction.

79
Q

Proportional Relationships

A

Relationships where the ratio between two quantities remains constant.

80
Q

Scale Factor

A

A factor by which a figure is enlarged or reduced.

81
Q

Simultaneous Equations

A

Equations involving two or more unknowns that are solved together.

82
Q

Inequality

A

A mathematical sentence indicating that two expressions are not equal.

83
Q

Compound Inequality

A

Two inequalities that are combined into one statement by the words ‘and’ or ‘or’.

84
Q

System of Equations

A

A set of two or more equations with the same variables.

85
Q

Graphing Linear Equations

A

Plotting a straight line that represents an equation in two variables.

86
Q

Polynomial

A

An expression with more than one term.

87
Q

Quadratic Formula

A

x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a

88
Q

Permutation

A

An arrangement of objects in a specific order.

89
Q

Combination

A

A selection of items without regard to order.

90
Q

Compound Interest Formula

A

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

91
Q

Simple Interest Formula

A

I = Prt

92
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A measure of the amount of variation in a set of values.

93
Q

Variance

A

The square of the standard deviation.

94
Q

Binomial

A

An expression with two terms.

95
Q

Trinomial

A

An expression with three terms.

96
Q

Quadratic Function

A

A function that can be described by an equation of the form y = ax² + bx + c.

97
Q

Logarithm

A

The exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a given number.

98
Q

Arithmetic Sequence

A

A sequence in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number.

99
Q

Geometric Sequence

A

A sequence in which each term is obtained by multiplying by a fixed number.

ISEE MATH PREP (2 decks)

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