Second Set (2) Flashcards
1
Q
Energy Balance
A
- Increasing fat storage promotes leptin release from adipocytes.
- Hormones released from the gut during feeding convey hunger (ghrelin), satiety (CCK) and satiation (PYY 3-36)
- In the ARC, hormones that secrete POMC / CART products promoted feeding and those that secrete NPY / AgRP inhibit it.
2
Q
Bone mineral homeostasis
A
- Members of the Vitamin D family are converted into calcifediol in the liver then calcitriol in the kidney.
- Calcitriol increases plasma Ca2+ by mobilising it from the bone.
- Calcitonin secreted from the thyroid reduced Ca2+ reabsorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
3
Q
Incretins
A
- GIP: Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is a hormone primarily secreted by the enteroendocrine K-cells in the small intestine, particularly the duodenum and jejunum. Stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and promotes fat deposition by increasing triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue.
- GIP-1: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 is a hormone produced by enteroendocrine L-cells in the small intestine. In addition to stimulating insulin release it also inhibits glucagon secretion and slows down gastric emptying.
4
Q
CCK
A
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone produced in the small intestine and the brain, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract by I cells in the duodenum and jejunum.
- CCK functions as a satiety signal, meaning it induces feelings of fullness and reduces appetite.
- CCK acts on receptors, particularly CCK1 receptors (also known as CCK-A receptors)