Second Semester Test #1 Flashcards
Give modern day examples of places where each column is used
- Doric-Lincoln memorial, Parthenon
- ionic-Garden Statuary
- Corinthian-NYU Hall of Fame, Supreme Court
Who was Pericles?
An Athenian Statesman who was so respected that they named a time period after him
What were Pericle’s two main goals for Athens?
- To Strengthen Athenian Democracy
2. To Glorify Athens
How did Pericles strengthen Athenian democracy?
He increased number of paid jobs so that poor people could also participate in government affairs and be able to make money to live.
Why is the way Pericles strengthened the Athenian government Relevant?
Because by doing what he did, Athens had more citizens engaged in self-government than any other polis.
What did the Greeks do when the Persians invaded
They unified and joined forces to defeat the Persians (and did)
They also fought for each other and not a king or queen
What line did Pericles say in his speech that we focused on in class
“Power is in the hands not of the minority but of the whole people”
What is contradictory about the statement that Pericles (that we focused on in class) made?
He says it’s in the hands of the whole people but only male citizens with land can vote which excludes women, slaves, and children. Also, male citizens with land were only 10% of the whole population
What was set up after the Persian invasion?
A group called the Delian League which was composed of people from different city-states that would unite if the Persians ever invaded again.
What was the Communal fund and where was it kept?
A “stash” of money gathered through taxes given by the city-states to the Delian League to pay for weapons. It was kept in Athens
How did Pericles glorify Athens?
He took money from the communal fund and used it to buy gold, ivory, and marble to build a building called the Parthenon. (The other city-stares were very mad about this.
Why was the Parthenon such an important building? What did it represent to the Athenian people?
It was a symbol for the Athenian victory over the Persians. Even though they were almost annihilated, they defended their polis and are now glorifying it.
How did Pericles obtain the necessary funds to build the Parthenon?
He took it from the Delian league funds (money set aside by Greece in case Persia invaded again)
How was the Parthenon built?
A wooden frame was built around each block of stone and pulled by oxen to the site. Pulleys were used to lift the stones at the site.
What was the centerpiece of the temple of Zeus? Describe it.
A gigantic statue of the god Zeus ivory and gold.
How did Pericles’ opponents attack him and his temple?
They cleaned Pericles was “dressing up Athens like a pretentious woman” he used other Greeks gold to glorify Athens more beautiful
(Compared to his partner, Aspasia, who tried to look like aristocrat with makeup, clothes etc.) pretentious-pretending to be something your not
What’s a building that really resembles the Parthenon and what’s one difference between them?
The Supreme Court Building
Difference-Parthenon uses ionic columns while Supreme Court uses Corinthian.
Compare the early style to the new style of sculpture in Greece.
Early-
-Like Egyptians
-characters were stiff, rigid, in unnatural positions
New
-much more natural
-athletes in motion
-sculpted everything down to the veins on the arms and the ribs
-sculpted figures realistically but also idealistically- realistic=veins,
ribs etc. idealistic-made them look perfect, no blemishes
Fill in the blanks:
Greeks ___________ drama. They built the ___________theaters in the _________ where drama was practiced and performed.
Invented, first, west
According to the Greeks, what was the connection between healing and theater? Can we relate to that today?
- Theater was medicine. Please at that time were fundamentally musical experiences. A distressed individual could, for example, ease his nerves by listening to calming music or watching a funny show.
- Yes, music therapy
What was the purpose of the two-story stage building?
It was painted as a backdrop for the play and allowed for special-effects to be achieved.
How were “perfect” acoustics achieved in the Theatre of Epidaurus?
There is no surface that is completely flat, so when the sounds hit the wall, they are defused in many different directions. It enhances the original sound by stretching it a little longer than it is.
Name the three types of columns and what they look like
- Doric-Simple, sturdy, practical, flat top
- Ionic-slightly more decorative then Doric, swirled like a scroll
- Corinthian-very decorative, chiseled out to look like leaves coming off of column
What did Greeks want to convey through their architecture?
A perfect balance and harmony
How were sounds in the Theatre of Epidaurus made even clearer?
They used a resonator which would be tuned to the frequencies they would want to erase (whispers of audience members). That would allow the audience to hear the sounds more clearly.
What does Scayner mean?
Scene
Who is Dionysus?
The god of wine, fertility, and drama
Who is Scilepias and what symbol is he connected with?
The god of medicine. He is connected with the symbol used today in medical areas of a snake wrapped around a pole. (Believed snake helped heal)
Who was the architect of the Theatre of Epidaurus in Greece?
Polyclides
What were the 2 types of plays that were put on in the Theatre of Epidaurus?
Tragedy and Comedy
What’s the name of the Greek theater that we learned about in class?
The Theatre of Epidaurus
Fill in the blanks:
Tragedy-A serious form of drama dealing with _______________________________________________. The hero often possesses a ______________________ (an error in judgment or personality defect).
A tragedy teaches us______________________________.
The downfall of a heroic or noble character, tragic flaw,
Important life lessons
Fill in the blank:
Comedy-A humorous form of drama that often includes ___________.
Slapstick
Who wrote the majority of comedy plays in Ancient Greece?
Aristophanine
Fill in the blank:
You cannot have a comedy in a city-state that does not honor ______________________.
Freedom of speech
What is Slapstick Comedy?
Physical comedy (that can include actors hurting others as well as themselves)
Fill in the blank:
______________________ would often be made fun of through Slapstick Comedy.
Political Leaders
Why were the Olympics eventually revived in modern times?
It unifies everyone. Nowadays,things are more calm.
What year were the Olympics “reborn”?
1896
What was inside the palace of Zeus?
A huge statue of Zeus
What was the statue of Zeus made out of?
Ivory covered in gold
What was the term we used to describe what the Roman emperor did to the Olympics when he invaded. Explain
He “Threw out the baby with bath water”
Baby-Olympics
Bath water-idolatry
He hated the idolatry and so he got rid of the Olympics (which had some pagen aspects to it) but he could have thrown away the “bathwater” the idolatry, without throwing away the “baby”, the Olympics.
Compare boxing in the ancient Olympics versus the modern Olympics.
A-no protective gear
M-protective gear (gloves etc.)
Compare wrestling in the ancient Olympics versus the modern Olympics.
A-you have to beat the guy to submission (either kill him or injure him so much that he can’t go on)
M-get shoulders to ground
Compare racing in the ancient Olympics versus the modern Olympics.
A-no baton, barefoot
M-baton, sneakers
What are the two activities that the ancient Olympics had that the modern Olympics don’t.
Chariot racing, trumpet contests
Why would someone want to have the Olympics held in their hometown?
Because their town would get money
What are the responsibilities of a US citizen?
- Obeying the Laws
- Voting
- Register for the draft
- Paying Taxes
- Jury Duty
What were the statues of Zeus and Athena holding in their hand?
A small statue of the goddess Nike (nike wing-company logo)
What did the Roman Emperor do to the temple of Zeus when he invaded?
He destroyed it
What led to the “rebirth” of the Olympics?
In the 1800s an archaeologist discovered remains from the ancient Olympics
Where was first modern Olympics held?
Athens
Fill in the blank: In the ancient Olympics, __________ were not allowed to participate but now they are.
Women
What 3 types of races took place in the ancient Olympics?
200 meter, 400 meter, 5000
Pentathlon
What was the pentathlon?
A bunch of ancient Olympic activities together (jumping, running, swimming, javelin throwing)
Fill in the blank:
Today we have ________ different kinds of jumping in Olympics but in Amcient Greece they had ________.
Three, one
What was in the Parthenon?
A huge statue of the goddess Athena. 1 ton of gold was used to make it!
What does winner of ancient Olympics get?
Olive wreath, Palm branch, any woman he wants, fame, red ribbon headband, food for rest of life
