Second Semester Test #1 Flashcards
Give modern day examples of places where each column is used
- Doric-Lincoln memorial, Parthenon
- ionic-Garden Statuary
- Corinthian-NYU Hall of Fame, Supreme Court
Who was Pericles?
An Athenian Statesman who was so respected that they named a time period after him
What were Pericle’s two main goals for Athens?
- To Strengthen Athenian Democracy
2. To Glorify Athens
How did Pericles strengthen Athenian democracy?
He increased number of paid jobs so that poor people could also participate in government affairs and be able to make money to live.
Why is the way Pericles strengthened the Athenian government Relevant?
Because by doing what he did, Athens had more citizens engaged in self-government than any other polis.
What did the Greeks do when the Persians invaded
They unified and joined forces to defeat the Persians (and did)
They also fought for each other and not a king or queen
What line did Pericles say in his speech that we focused on in class
“Power is in the hands not of the minority but of the whole people”
What is contradictory about the statement that Pericles (that we focused on in class) made?
He says it’s in the hands of the whole people but only male citizens with land can vote which excludes women, slaves, and children. Also, male citizens with land were only 10% of the whole population
What was set up after the Persian invasion?
A group called the Delian League which was composed of people from different city-states that would unite if the Persians ever invaded again.
What was the Communal fund and where was it kept?
A “stash” of money gathered through taxes given by the city-states to the Delian League to pay for weapons. It was kept in Athens
How did Pericles glorify Athens?
He took money from the communal fund and used it to buy gold, ivory, and marble to build a building called the Parthenon. (The other city-stares were very mad about this.
Why was the Parthenon such an important building? What did it represent to the Athenian people?
It was a symbol for the Athenian victory over the Persians. Even though they were almost annihilated, they defended their polis and are now glorifying it.
How did Pericles obtain the necessary funds to build the Parthenon?
He took it from the Delian league funds (money set aside by Greece in case Persia invaded again)
How was the Parthenon built?
A wooden frame was built around each block of stone and pulled by oxen to the site. Pulleys were used to lift the stones at the site.
What was the centerpiece of the temple of Zeus? Describe it.
A gigantic statue of the god Zeus ivory and gold.
How did Pericles’ opponents attack him and his temple?
They cleaned Pericles was “dressing up Athens like a pretentious woman” he used other Greeks gold to glorify Athens more beautiful
(Compared to his partner, Aspasia, who tried to look like aristocrat with makeup, clothes etc.) pretentious-pretending to be something your not
What’s a building that really resembles the Parthenon and what’s one difference between them?
The Supreme Court Building
Difference-Parthenon uses ionic columns while Supreme Court uses Corinthian.
Compare the early style to the new style of sculpture in Greece.
Early-
-Like Egyptians
-characters were stiff, rigid, in unnatural positions
New
-much more natural
-athletes in motion
-sculpted everything down to the veins on the arms and the ribs
-sculpted figures realistically but also idealistically- realistic=veins,
ribs etc. idealistic-made them look perfect, no blemishes
Fill in the blanks:
Greeks ___________ drama. They built the ___________theaters in the _________ where drama was practiced and performed.
Invented, first, west
According to the Greeks, what was the connection between healing and theater? Can we relate to that today?
- Theater was medicine. Please at that time were fundamentally musical experiences. A distressed individual could, for example, ease his nerves by listening to calming music or watching a funny show.
- Yes, music therapy
What was the purpose of the two-story stage building?
It was painted as a backdrop for the play and allowed for special-effects to be achieved.
How were “perfect” acoustics achieved in the Theatre of Epidaurus?
There is no surface that is completely flat, so when the sounds hit the wall, they are defused in many different directions. It enhances the original sound by stretching it a little longer than it is.
Name the three types of columns and what they look like
- Doric-Simple, sturdy, practical, flat top
- Ionic-slightly more decorative then Doric, swirled like a scroll
- Corinthian-very decorative, chiseled out to look like leaves coming off of column
