second semester final Flashcards
what happens to reaction rate as temp goes up
goes up regardless of endo or exo
how does a catalyst increase reaction rate
creates an alternative pathway lowering activation energy
what is activation energy
the energy required for forward reaction
what happens to an equation at equilibrium when more reactants are added?
makes more products
in an endothermic reaction, energy is …
absorbed
in an exothermic reaction, energy is …
released
the more energy that’s stored…
the less stable it is
an increase in pressure will shift the reaction …
toward less molecules
what is entropy
chaos
what is the change in G?
Gibbs free energy
what will happen when you make a conjugate acid
it will receive a hydrogen
what will happen when you make a conjugate base
it will lose a hydrogen
do bases receive or lose hydrogen
receive
do acids receive or lose hydrogen
lose
strong acids and strong electrical conductivity have a ____ Ka
high
weak acids have a ____ Ka
low
a high specific heat means that it will change temp …
slower
a low specific heat means that it will change temp…
faster
why do some alpha particles bounce back after getting fired through gold foil
The nuclei makes a direct hit with the foil
mass increases as you move down and …
left
what number is below the element symbol
atomic number
what number is next to/above the element symbol
mass number
how do you find unpaired electrons
find out how many electrons needed to get to end of orbital. ex: S is in the 4th column of the p orbital so it has 2 unpaired e-. (p orbital fits 6)
red has the _______ wavelength of the colors
longest
what is the wavelength spectrum in order of longest to shortest
radio, micro, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma
are filled orbitals unstable or stable?
stable
what happens to electron configuration when you get to transition metals?
the row number decreases by 1 and you add d. ex: the configuration of Titanium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
ionization energy ____ as you go right
increases
name the group names in order
Alkali Metals, Alkali earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases.
what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of linear molecules?
2 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 180, sp, a line
what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of trigonal planar molecules?
3 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 120, sp2, triangle shape on a flat plane
what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of tetrahedral molecules?
4 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 109.5, sp3, a pyramid w/ central atom in the middle
what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of trigonal pyramidal molecules?
3 bonding, 1 nonbonding, 107, sp3, pyramid but center atom is at the top
what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of bent molecules?
2 bonding, 2 nonbonding, 104.5, sp3, triangle ish
what are ion-dipole forces
when a salt dissolves in water
what are dipole-dipole forces
when 2 polar molecules attract each other
what are london dispersion forces
when 2 nonpolar molecules attract one another
what happens to pressure when you increase temp
it increases
what happens to temp during phase change
remains the same
what is a strong electrolyte?
salts and strong acids dissociate/ionize
what are weak acids?
molecules
what is fusion and crystalization?
fusion- solid to liquid (endo)
crystalization- liquid to solid (exo)
what is evaporation and condensation?
evaporation- liquid to gas (endo)
condensation- gas to liquid (exo)
what is sublimation and deposition?
sublimation- solid to gas (endo)
deposition- gas to solid (exo)
how to find average mass?
change percent to decimal by moving decimal two places left and then multiply by mass and add values together
how do you find percent composition?
divide mass of certain element by mass of compound and multiply by 100
